ankle

Question 1

does the ankle have more ROM in plantar flexion or dorsiflexion?

Answer 1

plantarflexion

Question 2

Medial ligaments?

Answer 2

The deltoid ( 4 ligaments)

Question 3

lateral ligaments?

Answer 3

ATF - anteriortalofibular
CF- calcaneofibular
PTF - posteriortalofibular

Question 4

anterior ligaments

Answer 4

anterior tibiofibular

Question 5

Posterior ligaments

Answer 5

posterior tibiofibular

Question 6

Interosseus membrane

Answer 6

between tibia and fibula

Question 7

Arteries (2)

Answer 7

dorsal pedal

posterior tibial artery

Question 8

Anterior Drawer. how many versions? what doe it test?

Answer 8

2. regular and modified. test Anteior talofibular

modified- hip at 45, knee at 90, stabilize foot, push back on distal leg

Question 9

Talar tilt. how many versions?

Answer 9

2. inversion and eversion

Question 10

inversion talar tilt. what does it test? how is it done?

Answer 10

talus instability.
foot held in slight dorsiflexion, pull talus into inversion.

tests: involvement of CF ligament, possibly with ATF and PTF ligaments

Question 11

Kleiger’s. what does it test? how is it done?

Answer 11

hold ankle in neutral position or dorsiflexed, stabilize distal tibfib joint

neutral positoin: tests deltoid ligament
dorsiflexed: tests syndemosis

can imply: deltoid injury, syndemosis pathology, or fibular fracture

Question 12

Subtalar joint play (Cotten Test)

Answer 12

external rotation test identifies syndesmosis pathology by forcing the talus and calcaneus against the lateral malleolus, causing it to be displaced laterally and posteriorly stressing the syndesmosis.

Question 13

Cotten test (how to)

Answer 13

side lying. stabilize talus, the other hand cups calcaneus, force moves talus laterally or medially. positive test is increased or deceased lateral or medial talus translation

medial glide commonly associated with lateral ankle sprains

Question 14

Eversion talar tilt

Answer 14

ankle in neutral position. tests for deltoid sprain
stabilize distal leg. pull talus into eversion

looking for gapping or pain

Question 15

Squeeze and bump

Answer 15

squeeze = syndesmosis, fracture
bump = fracture
thompson test = achilles ruptured

Question 16

Long Bone Compression Test

Answer 16

compression force on bones, looking for fracture, pain

Question 17

Valgus/Varus stress test

Answer 17

tests medial and lateral ligaments of toes, generally the 1st toe.

Question 18

Muddler’s sign

Answer 18

tests for interdigital neuroma. between 3&4 (normally - Morton’s neuroma)
squeeze met heads together without forming an arch.
look for pain.

Question 19

what is a bunion

Answer 19

extra bone growth on the side of 1st or 5th toe. often due to over pronation or supination, shoe wear, valgus toe

Question 20

what is Morton’s toe

Answer 20

when the 2nd ray is longer than the 1st.

-changes walking dynamics, shoe size issues

Question 21

Claw toes

Answer 21

hyper extension of MTP

flexion of PIP/DIP joint

Question 22

Hammer toes

Answer 22

hyper extension of MTP
flexion of PIP
extension of DIP

Question 23

Pes planus

Answer 23

lack of medial longitudinal arch
may have pn in arch or ankle
need orthotics

Question 24

Pes Cavus

Answer 24

high, rigid arch
claw toe is common
pn in arch - need cushioning

Question 25

Jones fracture

Answer 25

base of 5th MTP

Question 26

Avulsion fracture

Answer 26

5th MT styloid fractures

Question 27

March fracture

Answer 27

fracture of 2, 3, or 4. | stress fracture of distal 1/3 of tes.he metatarsal

Question 28

Lis franc injury

Answer 28

fracture in the tarsals (could be sprain or dislocation) usually on toes, landed on with axial force

Question 29

hallux valgus causes..

Answer 29

bunion

Question 30

turf toe

Answer 30

1st MTP, sprain, MOI: repeated hyper extension of toe. foot planted, forced into dorsiflexion. extreme pn, can be very disabling

Question 31

sesamoiditis

Answer 31

Inflamed sesamoids | common in ballet dancers or from wearing high heels

Question 32

Lateral Ankle Sprain symptoms

Answer 32

pn in all motions, mostly plantar flexion and inversion test with anterior drawer or inv talar tilt

Question 33

Syndesmosis sprain (high ankle sprain)

Answer 33

MOI:external rotation of foot, hyper dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, - some swelling - end ROM causes increase in pn -positive Kleiger's

Question 34

Medial Ankle Sprain

Answer 34

- pain on deltoid - usually causes a fracture of fibula 1/3 of the way up - eversion talar tilt - squeeze test

Question 35

Tibial fracture

Answer 35

overuse pathology of the shaft

Question 36

fibular fracture

Answer 36

usually not from direct hit comes with specific ankle pathologies lower 1/3

Question 37

malleoli fracture

Answer 37

associated with ankle sprains | avulsion or direct hit

Question 38

L1-S2 sensory

Answer 38

L1, L2, L3 - descending diagonally on anterior thigh L4 - knee, medial lower leg, medial foot L5 - lateral lower leg, down and across top of foot S1 - lateral foot, bottom of foot, achilles, (1/2 up lower leg) S2 - popliteal space, up back of leg into hamstrings

Question 39

Reflexes

Answer 39

L4 - patellar tendon | some say L1-L4 play in this reflex

Question 40

Achilles tendon

Answer 40

S1 - | also S2

Question 41

Knee extension

Answer 41

Knee Extension - L3, L4

Question 42

Knee flexion

Answer 42

L5, S1

Question 43

Ankle dorsiflexion

Answer 43

L4, L5

Question 44

ankle plantar flexion

Answer 44

S1, S2

Question 45

Great toe extension

Answer 45

L5

Question 46

hip flexion

Answer 46

L1, L2, L3

Question 47

hip extension

Answer 47

L4, L5

Question 48

what order to perform neural eval?

Answer 48

dermatome, myotones, reflex