Ankle

Question 1

Fibula

Answer 1

Lower leg
Non weight baron
Medial malleolus where muscle attaches

Question 2

Calcaneous bone

Answer 2

Tarsals

Heel bone

Question 3

Talus

Answer 3

Tarsals
Articulates with tib/fib
(Tibiotaler joint) modified hinge
Center

Question 4

Navicular

Answer 4

Tarsals

On the medial side of the foot

Question 5

Cuboid

Answer 5

Lateral side and articulated with 2/4 metatarsals

Question 6

Cuneiform

Answer 6

Tarsal

3 medial intermediate and lateral

Question 7

Metatarsal

Answer 7

1-5 medial to lateral

Connect toes to bone

Question 8

Phalanges

Answer 8

3 bones; proximal middle and distal

Question 9

Great toe

Answer 9

Big toe

Question 10

Metatarsalphalangial joint

Answer 10

(MTP) where toes meet the foot

Question 11

Interphalangial joint

Answer 11

(DIP) distal

(PIP) proximal

Question 12

Lateral ligaments

Answer 12

Resist extensive inversion

Question 13

Anterior talofibular ligament

Answer 13

(ATF)

Resists inversion and plantsrflexion

Question 14

Calconiofibular

Answer 14

(CF) resists inversion

Question 15

Posterior talofibular ligament

Answer 15

(PTF) resists inversion and dorsiflexion

Question 16

Lower leg ligaments

Answer 16

Prevents movement and tibia and fibula

Question 17

Ant/Post tibiofibular

Answer 17

Tib fib of ankle

Question 18

Medial ligament

Answer 18

Resists version

Question 19

Deltoid

Answer 19

Lateral ligament
Resists excessive eversion
Attaches tibia to talus calcaneous, navicular

Question 20

Tibiotalar joint

Answer 20

Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Normal ROM
P: 45-55
D: 20

Question 21

Subtalar joint

Answer 21

Inversion and eversion
Normal ROM
Inv: 30-40
Ev: 20

Question 22

Tibialis anterior

Answer 22

Dorsiflexion of ankle and inverter of foot

Question 23

Extensor hallicus longus

Answer 23

Toe extensor

DIP

Question 24

Extensor hallicus Brevis

Answer 24

(MIP) toe extensor

Question 25

Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 25

Toe extensor | DIP

Question 26

Extensor digitorum Brevis

Answer 26

Toe extensor PIP

Question 27

Flexor hallicus longus

Answer 27

Flexes the great toe | Starts at fibula and goes to insert on the distal phalanx of the great toe

Question 28

Post tibia

Answer 28

(TOM) | Lies on the posterior side of the tibfib

Question 29

Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 29

"Dick" | Long muscle that covers the tibialis posterior

Question 30

Peroneous Brevis and Tirsius

Answer 30

In front of malleolus | Inserts on Dorsi side of 5th metatarsal

Question 31

Peroneus longus | Fibularis

Answer 31

Fibular heel behind lateral malleolus and crosses bottom of foot and inserts with 1st metatarsal (great toe)

Question 32

Gastronemius

Answer 32

Flexes the knee and plantsrflexes the foot; calf; superficial Crosses knee and ankle Toned in jumping athletics

Question 33

Soleus

Answer 33

Lies under the gastro and crosses ankle Plantarflexion of the foot Stretch: seated heel raise or bent knee forward lunge

Question 34

Posterior tibialis

Answer 34

Pulls navicular toward body causing inversion | Assists in plantarflexion

Question 35

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 35

Inflammation of the plantar fascia M: root arch problem of obesity or sudden weight gain Signs/ symptoms: pain the heel; also toward toes

Question 36

Heel spur

Answer 36

M: orthotic ultrasound, stretching | S&s: pain of attachment to plantar fascia

Question 37

Pes planus

Answer 37

Flat arch Wide foot Pronated foot Navicular drop

Question 38

Tibia

Answer 38

Lower leg Main weight baring bone Distal end forms mortise Medial malleolus

Question 39

``` Hallux Valgus (Bunion) ```

Answer 39

Valgus pushes distal end of joint laterally Bunion - enlargement of tone toe Bunionette- small bunion 5 MTP tailus bunion

Question 40

Turf toe

Answer 40

Hypertension injury of the 1st MTP M: sprain in ligament of 1st and 2nd MTP Jams forcefully into the ground S&S: extreme inflammation pain and swelling

Question 41

Ingrown toenail

Answer 41

Keratin - enzyme that grows Help cut into square shape Put cotton

Question 42

Jones fracture

Answer 42

Bone breaks away M: sharp inversion S&S: similar to broken ankle

Question 43

Mortons toe

Answer 43

When 2nd toe is larger than big toe

Question 44

Plantars neuroma | Mortons neuroma

Answer 44

Intra-digital pain because of pinching of an inter-digital nerve. third and fourth metatarsal's Pain resolves when walking barefoot

Question 45

Lateral sprain: signs and symptoms

Answer 45

Swelling, edema, Ecchymosis

Question 46

Lateral sprain: special tests

Answer 46

Great on a scale of 1 to 3 mild moderate or severe Talor tilt: Primarily accesses CF ligament looking for pain and laxity Anterior drawer test: primarily assesses ATF ligament or plantarflexion optimum to yield greatest translation

Question 47

Epimyseum

Answer 47

Membrane that surrounds each muscle

Question 48

Lower leg: reasons for pain: Cramp

Answer 48

Dehydration and imbalance of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium ions)

Question 49

Medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints)

Answer 49

Any inflammation of a muscle, tendon, or bone in the lower leg. Posterior tibialis: inverts the foot and starts to pull away from the bone->stress fractures

Question 50

Anterior compartment syndrome: CCS

Answer 50

- Arises when a muscle becomes too big for the sheath that surrounds it - normal is 15mHg//anything greater is abnormal

Question 51

Anterior compartment syndrome: signs and symptoms

Answer 51

Pain/crampy ache in the lower leg during exercise//sense of numbness or tingling//more tender than shin splints Ischemia may occur if goes untreated