Ankle: Anatomy 4

Question 1

What are the primary lateral ligaments of the ankle?

Answer 1

• ATFL
• CFL
• PTFL

Question 2

Lateral collateral ligaments: ATFL prevents what motions

Answer 2

anterior displacement of the talus relative to the mortise

Question 3

Lateral collateral ligaments: CFL is taut with these motions

Answer 3

inversion and adduction of the calcaneus relative to the fibula

Question 4

Lateral collateral ligaments: PTFL is taut in what position

Answer 4

ER of the talus relative to the ankle mortise

Question 5

Ligaments disrupted during ankle sprains:

% with complete rupture of ATFL

Answer 5

65%

Question 6

Ligaments disrupted during ankle sprains:

% with combined injury to ATFL/CFL

Answer 6

20%

Question 7

Ligaments disrupted during ankle sprains:

% with anterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments

Answer 7

10%

Question 8

Ligaments disrupted during ankle sprains:

% with deltoid ligament

Answer 8

3%

Question 9

Isolated injuries to the PTFL are (common/rare)

Answer 9

rare

Question 10

Isolated injuries to the CFL are (common/rare)

Answer 10

NONEXISTENT

Question 11

What is the function of the deltoid ligament?

Answer 11

controls medial joint stability and end ranges of DF and PF

Question 12

Deltoid ligaments composed of these:

Answer 12

• tibionavicular
• posterior talotibial
• calcaneotibial
• anterior talotibial

Question 13

Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot:

These ligaments tie the calcaneocuboid joint together

Answer 13

Plantar ligament (long and short)

Question 14

Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot:

Spring ligament AKA

Answer 14

Calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 15

Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot:

The spring ligament is found on what surface of the foot?

Answer 15

Plantar

Question 16

Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: What is the function of the spring ligament?

Answer 16

• Ties the talonavicular joint together

- Contributes to medial longitudinal arch by supporting the talar head and navicular

Question 17

Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: the spring ligament is frequently involved in this type of deformity

Answer 17

Flat foot deformity

Question 18

Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: Lisfranc ligament aka

Answer 18

Cuneometatarsal interosseous ligament

Question 19

Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: What does the Lisfranc ligament connect?

Answer 19

1st and 2nd metatarsals along with medial cuneiform

Question 20

Ligaments of the midfoot/forefoot: The Lisfranc ligament is frequently injured in (high/low) energy injuries

Answer 20

Both

Question 21

Windlass effect: DF of the toes causes traction on (structure) which elevates the longitudinal arch

Answer 21

Plantar fascia

Question 22

At what point during stance phase of gait does the windlass effect occur?

Answer 22

From midstance to terminal stance

Question 23

The windlass effect creates what for propulsion during gait?

Answer 23

A more rigid foot

Question 24

Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle

STJ (pronation/supination) unlocks the midfoot

Answer 24

Pronation

Question 25

Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle Subtalar pronation unlocks the midfoot. This is called______

Answer 25

Adaptation

Question 26

Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle Unlocking the midfoot allows for a supple platform to absorb load

Answer 26

Shock absorption

Question 27

Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle Following this phase of gait, STJ supination begins

Answer 27

Midstance

Question 28

Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle Following midstance, subtalar supination begins and builds tension causing what to rise

Answer 28

Midfoot

Question 29

Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle Following midstance subtalar supination (begins once great toe is extended) builds tension causing the midfoot to rise. This is called _____

Answer 29

Torque conversion

Question 30

Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle Once the foot is fully supinated, the congruency of the bones and tension in the midfoot locks the foot into a rigid and stable position. This is called ______

Answer 30

Rigid lever

Question 31

Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle Recent studies have found that this muscle acts to decelerate the tibia during gait

Answer 31

Soleus

Question 32

Midfoot locking during gait: functions during different phases of the gait cycle Recent studies have found that this muscle(s) acts to aid in plantarflexion and push off during gait

Answer 32

Triceps surae

Question 33

Hallux kinematics: Hallux aka

Answer 33

1st MTP joint

Question 34

Hallux kinematics: As a result of the 1st MTP staying in contact with the ground as the rest of the foot goes into plantarflexion, the first ray must extend by how much?

Answer 34

> 40˚ | Up to 90˚ during running

Question 35

Hallux kinematics: During heel raise, the first ray is estimated to extend to

Answer 35

> 60˚