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Musculoskeletal Exam 4 > Ankle Anatomy and Biomechanics > Flashcards

Ankle Anatomy and Biomechanics Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

How many bones are in the ankle and foot?

How many articulations?

A

28

55

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2
Q

Which joint sustains the greatest load per surface area of any joint in the body?

A

Ankle joint

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3
Q

What percentage of body weight is places on the ankle joint during walking? running?

A

120% during walking

275% during running

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4
Q

What part of the ankle/foot joint absorbs the majority of the load? second most?

A

Rearfoot, followed by metatarsal heads

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5
Q

What are the functions of the foot?

A
  • Act as a support base that provides the necessary stability for upright posture with minimal muscle effort
  • Provides a mechanism for rotation of the tibia and fibula during stance
  • Provides flexibility to adapt to uneven terrain
  • Provides flexibility for absorption of shock
  • Acts as a lever during push-off
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6
Q

What type of joint is the tibiofibular joint?

A

Syndesmosis

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7
Q

What is the resting position of the tibiofibular joint?

A

Plantarflexion

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8
Q

What is the close-packed position of the tibiofibular joint?

A

Maximum dorsiflexion

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9
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the tibiofibular joint?

A

Pain on stress

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10
Q

What are the supporting ligaments of the tibiofibular joint?

A
  • Anterior tibiofibular ligament
  • Posterior tibiofibular ligament
  • Interosseous ligament
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11
Q

Which joint is the mortise joint?

A

Talocrural joint

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12
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

A

Uniaxial modified hinge joint

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13
Q

What is the talocrural joint designed for?

A

Stability

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14
Q

What is the resting position of the talocrural joint?

A

10 degrees plantarflexion

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15
Q

What is the closed-packed position of the talocrural joint?

A

Maximum dorsiflexion

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16
Q

What is the capsular pattern?

A

PF, DF

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17
Q

What are the supporting ligaments of the talocrural joint?

A

Deltoid Ligament

  • Tibionavicular
  • Tibiocalcaneal
  • Posterior tibiotalar
  • Anterior tibiotalar

Lateral Collateral

  • Anterior talofibular
  • Posterior talofibular
  • Calcaneofibular
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18
Q

What is another name for the talocalcaneal joint?

A

Subtalar joint

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19
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the subtalar joint have?

A

3

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20
Q

What is the resting position of the subtalar joint?

A

Midway between extremes of ROM

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21
Q

What is the closed-packed position of the subtalar joint?

A

Supination

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22
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the subtalar joint?

A

Varus, valgus at rearfoot

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23
Q

What are the supporting ligaments of the subtalar joint?

A
  • Lateral (anterior) talocalcaneal ligament
  • Medial (posterior) talocalcaneal ligament
  • Cervical ligament
  • Interosseous ligament
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24
Q

What are the open chain (talus stable) positions of the subtalar joint?

Study These Flashcards
A

Supination (PF, inversion, adduction)

Pronation (DF, eversion, abduction)

25
What are the closed chain (calcaneous stable) positions of the subtalar joint?
Supination (talus abduction, dorsiflexion, calcaneal inversion) Pronation (talus PF, adduction, calcaneal eversion)
26
What joints comprise the Transverse tarsal (midtarsal) joint?
- Calcaneocuboid joint | - Talocalcaneonavicular joint (talonavicular)
27
What is the resting position of the transverse tarsal joint?
Midway between the extremes of ROM
28
What is the closed-packed position of the transverse tarsal joint?
Supination
29
What is the capsular pattern of the transverse tarsal joint?
DF, PF, Add, Medial rotation
30
What is the resting position of the cuneonavicular joint?
Midway between extremes of ROM
31
What is the close packed position of the cuneonavicular joint?
Supination
32
What is the capsular pattern of the cuneonavicular joint?
DF, PF, Add, Medial rotation
33
What is the resting position of the cuboidenavicular joint?
Midway between the extremes of ROM
34
What is the close packed position of the cuboidenavicular joint?
Supination
35
What is the resting position of the Intercuneiform joints?
Midway between the extremes of ROM
36
What is the closed packed position of the intercuneiform joints?
Supination
37
What is the resting position of the cuneocuboid joint?
Midway between the extremes of ROM
38
What is the close packed position of the cuneocuboid joint?
Supination
39
What is the close packed position of the tarsometatarsal joint?
Supination
40
What is the close packed position of the intermetatarsal joints?
Supination
41
What is the resting position of the metatarsophalangeal joint?
10 degrees extension
42
What is the close packed position of the metatarsophalangeal joint?
Full extension
43
What is the capsular pattern of the metatarsophalangeal joint?
Extension, Flexion
44
During gait, the 1st MTP dorsiflexes about ____ degrees.
60 degrees
45
During running, squatting, sports, the 1st MTP dorsiflexes about _____ degrees
90 degrees
46
What is the resting position of the interphalangeal joint?
Slight flexion
47
What is the close packed position of the interphalangeal joint?
Full extension
48
Where does the plantar fascia/aponeurosis originate and insert? What is its role?
Originates from the calcaneous and inserts to the plantar forefoot - serves a supportive and protective role and is intricately involved with the weight-bearing function of the foot
49
What are the 4 retinacula? What is their function?
- Superior extensor - Inferior extensor - Superiofibular - Flexor Function: to tether the tendons as they cross the ankle to enter the foot
50
What does the superior extensor retinaculum contain?
EDL, EHL, Tib Ant, Fib tertius
51
What does the inferior extensor retinaculum contain?
Dorsal tendons
52
What does the superiofibular retinacula contain?
Fibularis longus and brevis tendons
53
What does the flexor retinaculum contain?
Flexor digitorum longus, FHL, Tib Post, and neurovascular bundle
54
The arches of the foot support the foot by which 3 mechanisms?
1. Osseous relationship of the tarsal and metatarsal bones 2. Ligamentous support from the plantar aponeurosis and plantar ligaments 3. Muscle support
55
What are the 3 main arches of the foot?
- Medial longitudinal - Lateral longitudinal - Transverse arch
56
What are the symptoms of talipes equinus?
Limited dorsiflexion and contracture of gastrocsoleus
57
What are the symptoms of clubfoot?
Congenital deformity and talipes equinovarus
58
What are subjective functional tests?
- The Ankle Joint Functional Assessment Tool | - The foot function index
59
What are objective functional tests?
- Weight-bearing assessment - Single-Leg Stance test - Star excursion balance test

Musculoskeletal Exam 4 (6 decks)

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