Ankle and foot Flashcards
What is hallux valgus?
Deformity of the great toe caused by medial deviation of the 1st metatarsal head. Hallux valgus is more common in those with inflammatory arthropathies e.g., rheumatoid arthritis.
What is hallux rigidus?
This is osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. May be primary in nature and/or secondary to osteochondral injury.
Treatment of hallux rigidus?
Gold standard treatment method for this condiution is surgical management. This should help with pain however it may result in some degree of motion lost.
Conservative management includes wearing a stiff sole show in order to limit movement of the MTPJ.
What is Morton’s neuroma?
When the plantar interdigital nerves of the foot are subjected to repeated trauma. This can cause inflammation and swelling resulting in a neuroma.
What test can be used during foot and ankle examination for Morton’s neuroma?
Mulder’s click test is medio-lateral compression of the metatarsal heads, it may reproduce symptoms or give off a characteristic click.
Diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasound, with a swollen nerve being observed.
What are the causes and potential risk factors of Achilles’ tendonitis?
Repetitive strain through sport or a degenerative process.
Certain potential risk factors include usage of quinolones, rheumatoid arthritis/inflammatory arthropathy diagnosis and gout.
Where is pain in Achilles’ tendonitis located?
Pain can present on the tendon itself, whilst others can describe it as being at the point of insertion in the calcaneus.
Achilles’ tendon rupture usually occurs in younger patients =. True/false.
False. Achilles’ tendon rupture usually occurs in middle aged to older adults and occurs due to degenerative changes within the tendon/ a recent tendonitis.
What is Simmond’s test?
A test used to determine if there is an Achilles’ tendon rupture. This is carried out by squeezing the calf. If there is no plantarflexion of the foot, there is a rupture of the tendon.
What is pes cavus?
The development of an abnormally high arch in the foot. May be idiopathic but is most likely linked to neuromuscular conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy).
What is pes planus?
“Flat feet”, a relatively common foot deformity and is defined as the loss of the medial longitudinal arch where it contacts or nearly contacts the ground.
How is pes planus managed?
In some cases, it can become painful. If arch support and orthotics do not help, surgery may be recommended.
