Ankle and Foot - 2

Question 2

Name the bones of the ankle and foot

Answer 2

tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, middle cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, metatarsals, phalanges, sesamoids

Question 3

Arches of the foot

Transverse

Answer 3

do later

Question 4

Arches of the foot

Longitudinal - Medial

Answer 4

do later

Question 5

Arches of the foot

Longitudinal - Lateral

Answer 5

do later

Question 6

Factors contributing to bony stability in the foot

2nd metatarsal on the middle cuneiform

Answer 6

do later

Question 7

Factors contributing to bony stability in the foot

Cubonavicular joint

Answer 7

do later

Question 8

Factors contributing to bony stability in the foot

Talocrural joint

Answer 8

do later

Question 9

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Classify the inferior tibiofibular joint

Answer 9

syndesmosis - fibrous

Question 10

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Osteokinematics

Answer 10

conjunct movement only in response to movement at the ankle

Question 11

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Arthrokinematics

Answer 11

anterior posterior glides (minimal)

Question 12

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Capsular pattern

Answer 12

Pain when mortise is splayed

Question 13

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Resting position

Answer 13

approximatley 10 deg plantar flexion

Question 14

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Close packed position

Answer 14

weight-bearing dorsiflexion of the talocrural joint provides the greatest ligament tension

Question 15

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Articular surfaces

Answer 15

medial aspect of distal fibula - convexarticular facet

fibular notchon medial aspect of tibia - concave articular facet

Question 16

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Articular cartilage

Answer 16

Syndesmosis with minimal articular cartilage

Question 17

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Joint capsule

Answer 17

no articular capsule; the capsule if the talocrural joint projects proximally to the inferior joint margin

Question 18

Interosseus Membrane

Answer 18

oblique fibrous band connecting the medial border of the fibula with the lateral border of the tibia.
Divides the lower limb into an anterior and a posterior compartment and increases the area available for muscle attachment
a large, ovoid opening at the proximal end of the membrane transmits the anterior tibial artery
a foramen for the perforating branch of the peroneal artery exists at the dfistal aspect of the membrane
the distal border of the membrane blends with the interosseous ligament of the inferior tibiofibular joint

Question 19

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Ligaments

Answer 19

Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Interosseous ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 20

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Segmental articular supply

Answer 20

L4, L5, S1, S2

Question 21

Talocrual joint

Articular surfaces

Answer 21

mortise joint
dome of the talus
- convex anterior/posterior
- concave medial/lateral
posterior aspect of the dome is narrower than the anterior aspects
corresponding facets of the distal tibia and the fibula are reciprocally curved
articulates posteriorly with the inferior transverse tibiofibular ligaments

Question 22

Talocrual joint

Arthrology - capsule

Answer 22

loose, thin anteriorly and posteriorly
supported on each side by collateral ligaments
posterior- blends with the inferior transverse ligament
surrounds joint, attaching to the borders of the articular surfaces of the tibia, malleoli and talus (except neck)
extends superiorly to the inferior tobiofibular joint

Question 23

Talocrual joint

Arthrology - ligaments

Answer 23

deltoid ligament
anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament

Question 24

Talocrual joint

Articular supply - segmental

Answer 24

L4, L5, S1, S2

Question 25

Talocrual joint

Classification

Answer 25

synovial
compound (includes the inferior tibiofibular joint and there are also two articulating surfaces/facets; one on the distal tibia and one on the distal fibula)
modified sellar

Question 26

Talocrual joint Degrees of motion

Answer 26

one

Question 27

Talocrual joint Osteokinematics - mechanical axis

Answer 27

oblique transverse axis (slopes 10 deg inferiorly from medial malleolus to lateral malleolus) through the body of the talus

Question 28

Talocrual joint Osteokinematics - Movements

Answer 28

Dorsiflexion / Plantar flexion - impure swing about an obliwue transverse axis in the saggital plane - conjunct external rotation (slight abduction and eversion) of the talus with dorsiflexion and conjunct internal rotation (slight adduction and inversion) of the talus with plantar flexion - approx 26 deg dorsiflexion and approx 48 deg plantar flexion

Question 29

Talocrual joint Arthrokinematics - Accessory glides

Answer 29

Dorsiflexion - posterior glide (with conjunct external rotation) of the talus on the tibia and fibula Plantarflexion - anterior glide (with conjunct internal rotation) of the talus on the tibia and fibula

Question 30

Talocrual joint End feel

Answer 30

Capsular, dorsiflexion may be a soft tisue stretch

Question 31

Talocrual joint Resting position

Answer 31

10 deg plantar flexion

Question 32

Talocrual joint Close packed position

Answer 32

full dorsiflexion