Ankle and Foot Examination

Question 1

What indicates a positive Single Leg Heel Raise Test?

Answer 1

Pain during concentric/eccentric phase of the heel raise.

Question 2

What does tenderness along the achilles tendon indicate?

Answer 2

a positive palpation for tenderness test

Question 3

What finding indicates a positive royal London hospital test?

Answer 3

Original tender area is no longer painful during maximum dorsiflexion.

Question 4

What is assessed in the Arc test for achilles tendinopathy?

Answer 4

movement of swelling with ankle motion

Question 5

What does the anterior drawer test evaluate?

Answer 5

Integrity of the anterior talofibular ligament

Question 6

What condition can develop after recurrent lateral ankle sprains?

Answer 6

Sinus tarsi syndrome

Question 7

What are common symptoms of Sinus Tarsi syndrome?

Answer 7

anterolateral pain with standing or walking on uneven ground

Question 8

What does the syndesmosis squeeze test indicate?

Answer 8

pain indicates a high ankle sprain

Question 9

What is tested with the Kleiger’s (lateral rotation) test?

Answer 9

Syndesmosis injury or medial ankle sprain

Question 10

What causes anterior ankle impingement?

Answer 10

synovial hypertrophy due to repetitive end-range dorsiflexion

Question 11

What is a positive forced dorsiflexion test

Answer 11

reproduction of anterolateral pain

Question 12

What is a common intervention for ankle impingement

Answer 12

surgical intervention

Question 13

What does a forefoot varus alignment indicate

Answer 13

medial forefoot is elevated relative to the rearfoot in subtalar neutral

Question 14

What does the navicular drop test assess

Answer 14

collapse of the medial longitudinal arch during weightbearing

Question 15

What is a positive navicular drop test result?

Answer 15

> 1cm difference between seated and standing positions

Question 16

What condition is tested with Tinel’s sign at the ankle

Answer 16

tarsal tunnel syndrome

Question 17

What motion is used in the tarsal tunnel test

Answer 17

dorsiflexion, toe extension and eversion

Question 18

What is a positive Morton’s neuroma squeeze test?

Answer 18

pain reproduction between 2nd/3rd or 3rd/4th metatarsals

Question 19

How can Morton’s neuroma be further confirmed?

Answer 19

palpate the web space for a painful mass

Question 20

What does the calcaneal squeeze test evaluate?

Answer 20

calcaneal apophysitis (sever’s disease) or stress fracture

Question 21

What is a positive result in the calcaneal squeeze test?

Answer 21

Reproduction of symptoms on either side of the calcaneus

Question 22

What does the shin palpation test identify?

Answer 22

medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)

Question 23

What makes the shin palpation test positive

Answer 23

5+cm of continuous tenderness in the posteromedial tibia

Question 24

What condition is diagnosed with the windlass test

Answer 24

plantar fasciopathy

Question 25

What is the position for the windlass test in NWB

Answer 25

seated with 1st MTP passively extended through full ROM

Question 26

What is a positive windlass test finding

Answer 26

reproduction of plantar heel pain

Question 27

What should be observed during the windlass test

Answer 27

arch elevation or flattening with toe extension

Question 28

What is the figure 8 girth test used for

Answer 28

assessing ankle swelling and symmetry

Question 29

What is considered normal assymetry in closed- chain ankle dorsiflexion

Answer 29

about 1cm

Question 30

what tool is most reliable for measuring ankle dorsiflexion

Answer 30

tape measure

Question 31

what is the normative closed- chain dorsiflexion range

Answer 31

10cm or 35-40°

Question 32

what happens to the fibula during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?

Answer 32

dorsiflexion: externally rotates 3-5°and glides laterally (widens) plantarflexion: internally rotates 3-5° and glides medially

Question 33

What is the function of the syndesmosis joint?

Answer 33

allows slight motion to accommodate the talocrural joint

Question 34

What nerve is tested in TED

Answer 34

tibial nerve

Question 35

What position biases the tibial nerve (TED)

Answer 35

eversion and dorsiflexion

Question 36

What nerve is tested in SID

Answer 36

sural nerve

Question 37

What position biases the sural nerve (SID)?

Answer 37

inversion and dorsiflexion

Question 38

What does the Tuning Fork Test detect?

Answer 38

presence of a fracture

Question 39

How is the tuning fork test performed?

Answer 39

apply vibrating fork to suspected site; compare sides, positive when symptoms are reproduced

Question 40

What criteria are used for fracture screening in ankle trauma

Answer 40

ottawa ankle rules

Question 41

What is the purpose of clearing the lumbar spine in ankle complaints?

Answer 41

rule out referred pain from lumbar region

Question 42

If there is pain in the malleolar zone, when is an x-ray needed?

Answer 42

bone tenderness around lateral or medial malleolus inability to bear weight for at least 4 steps immediately after injury and at evaluation

Question 43

If their is pain in the midfoot zone, when is an x-ray needed?

Answer 43

bone tenderness at base of the 5th bone tenderness at navicular bone inability to bear weight for at least 4 steps immediately after injury and at evaluation

Question 44

What does a positive FPI-6 indicate?

Answer 44

pronated if numbers are + supinated if numbers are -

Question 45

How many items are scored in the FPI-6

Answer 45

6

Question 46

What ligaments are involved in Sinus Tarsi syndrome

Answer 46

interosseous and cervical ligaments due to weak ATF

Question 47

What type of foot increases risk for sinus Tarsi syndrome?

Answer 47

pronated foot

Question 48

What are treatment strategies for Sinus Tarsi Syndrome

Answer 48

proprioception training, strengthening, bracing, or orthotics

Question 49

What is the close and loose pack position for subtalar and midtarsal joint?

Answer 49

loose: midway between extreme ranges of motion close: supination

Question 50

What is the loose and closed pack position for Talocrural joint?

Answer 50

loose: 10° plantarflexion, midway between max inversion and eversion closed: maximum dorsiflexion

Question 51

What is the loose and closed pack position for 1st MTP joint?

Answer 51

loose: 10° extension close: full extension