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Kinesiology > Ankle and Foot Joint > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Joint Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

How many bones are in the A&F joint?

A

26

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2
Q

How many ligaments are in the A&F joint?

A

> 100

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3
Q

What serves as pulleys for the posterior tendons in performing eversion and inversion?

A

Malleoli

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4
Q

Part of the pulley system: Tom, Dick, and Harry

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis longus

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5
Q

Motion at the foot occurs above or below the talus?

A

Below. It’s subtalar.

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6
Q

Extensors are on the ___, flexors are on the ___

A

top of the foot; bottom of the foot.

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7
Q

What is a Jones fracture?

A

A fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal.

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8
Q

Anatomists dispute the existence of this muscle

A

Peroneus tertius

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9
Q

Where do the peroneus tertius and peroneus brevis insert?

A

Base of the 5th metatarsal

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10
Q

Where does the Achilles insert?

A

Posterior calcaneus

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11
Q

The ____ is a conjunct tendon of the gastrocnemius complex

A

Achilles tendon

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12
Q

What is interesting about the tibiofemoral joint?

A

It has a proximal AND distal portion.

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13
Q

Tibiofemoral joint is a ___ ____ joint

A

Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial

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14
Q

Syndesmotic joint sprain=

A

High ankle sprain.

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15
Q

What ligament does the high ankle sprain primarily involve?

A

Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament.

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16
Q

Anatomic name for the ankle joint

A

Talocrural joint

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17
Q

Plantar flexion (50) involves standing up on __ whereas dorsal flexion (15-20) involves standing up on ___

A

toes; heels

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18
Q

The talocrural joint is a ___ joint

A

ginglymus

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19
Q

At which joints do eversion (5-15) and inversion (20)take place?

A

Subtalar and transverse

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20
Q

Subtalar and transverse joints are classified as ___ joints

A

Gliding or arthrodial

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21
Q

Intertarsal and tasometatarsal joints are ___ joints

A

Arthrodial

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22
Q

MP joint=

A

Metatarsophalangeal joint

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23
Q

What type of joint are the MP joints?

A

Condyloid

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24
Q

IP joint=

A

interphalangeal joint

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25
2 most commonly sprained ankle ligaments
ATF (anterior talofibular ligament) | Calcaneofibular ligament
26
Most common ankle sprains result from what motion?
excessive inversion
27
What is the strongest ligament in the foot and ankle?
Deltoid ligament.
28
Pes cavus= | Pes planus=
Pes cavus=High arch | Pes planus=flat feet
29
This ligament is depressed during pes planus
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
30
Fallen arch implies___
loose ligaments
31
A broad structure extending from medial calcaneal tuberosity to proximal phalanges
Plantar fascia=plantar aponeurosis
32
Function of plantar fascia/aponeurosis
assists in stabilizing the medial longitudinal and in propelling the body forward during the latter part of stance phase.
33
Plantar fasciitis
common painful condition involving plantar fascia
34
Movement of top of ankle & foot toward anterior tibia is ___
Dorsiflexion (flexion)
35
Movement of ankle & foot away from tibia is ___
Plantar flexion (extension)
36
Turning foot outward from midline is
Eversion
37
Turning foot inward toward midline is
Inversion
38
Eversion and inversion occur ____
Below the talus...subtalar motion.
39
Combo of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction (toe-out) is ___
Pronation
40
Combo of ankle plantar flexion, subtaler inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in) is ___
Supination
41
Anterior A&F muscles are ____
dorsal flexors
42
Posterior A&F muscles are ____
Plantar flexors
43
Lateral A&F muscles are ___
evertors
44
Medial A&F muscles are ____
Invertors
45
What are the two most powerful evertors?
Peroneus longus & peroneus brevis
46
Common term describing painful leg condition often associated with running activities
Shin splints
47
Acute muscle spasm in gastrocnemius and soleus is ___
a Cramp
48
Conjunct tendon of gastrocnemius and soleus
Achilles
49
Assessed by the Thompson test
Achilles
50
Injury to the Achilles tendon is usually due to
stop-and-go activities.
51
Dorsiflexors are ___ and on the shin. Plantar flexors are _____
Anterior; posterior
52
Common peroneal (fibular) division of the sciatic nerve starts where?
Behind the fibular
53
Common peroneal itself has 2 divisions: ___ and ___
Superficial peroneal nerve and deep peroneal nerve
54
Deep peroneal nerve serves this muscle group
Evertors
55
Which is biarticular? Gastrocnemius or soleus?
Gastrocnemius
56
The soleus is most effective when ___
the knee is in partial flexion
57
Anatomic name for the calf
Triceps surae
58
Evertors are on the ____ side
Lateral
59
What does the Peroneus brevis (2) do?
Helps maintain the lateral longitudinal arch.
60
Toe extension involves what muscle?
Extensor digitorum longus
61
What's an interesting fact about the extensor digitorum longus?
It is LONG; starts close to knee and ends at toes.
62
This muscle strongly contracts when a person iceskates
Tibialis anterior muscle
63
Medial tibial pain usually involves what muscle?
Tibialis anterior muscle
64
What 2 muscles help to maintain the medial longitudinal arch?
Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
65
what muscles are usually underdeveloped in most people, resulting in an arch cramp?
Flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus.
66
What action do the 4 lumbricales perform?
Flexion of MP joints of 2-5
67
What action do the 3 plantar interossei perform?
Adduct the toes
68
What action do the 4 dorsal interossei perform?
Abduct and flex the toes.
69
What are the agonists of ankle dorsiflexion?
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
70
Actions of the Gastrocnemius vs. the Soleus
(Plantar flexion + knee extension) vs (Plantar flexion + knee flexion).

Kinesiology (4 decks)

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