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Sports Injuries > Ankle And Lower Leg > Flashcards

Ankle And Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What does police stand for?

A 
Protection 
Optimal loading 
Ice 
Compression 
Elevation
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2
Q

Movements available at the subtalar joint

A

Inversion and eversion

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3
Q

6 types of ankle ankle and lower limb injuries

A 
Lateral ankle sprain 
Medical ankle sprain
Achilles’ tendon pain 
Achilles rupture 
Plantar fasciitis 
Shin pain
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4
Q

Mechanisms of injury

A

Plantar flexion and or inversion

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5
Q

How can a lateral ankle sprain happen?

A

Quick change of direction
Landing on uneven surfaces
Someone else jumping on the foot

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6
Q

Treatment of a lateral or medial ankle sprain

A 
Restore full range of motion 
Non weight bearing activity 
Partial weight bearing activity 
Full weight bearing activity 
Strapping May help stability

Restore strength- isometric > concentric > eccentric

Restore balance and proprioception

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7
Q

Long term deficits of a LAS and MAS

A

Decrease in proprioception, balance, dorsiflexion, range of motion

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8
Q

What does a decrease in dorsiflexion mean for the foot

Terada, pietrosimone and gribble 2013

A

Plantar fascia patchy
Patella tendinopathy
Medial tibia pain
Further sprains

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9
Q

Petersen et al 2013

A

Twice as likely to re injure 1 year after injury

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10
Q

Ottowa ankle rules

A

Pain 6cm up the tibula or fibula or on the tip of the malleolous

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11
Q

How is a medial ankle sprain formed ankle

A

Dorsiflexion/eversion

Ie. Foot landing in a hole

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12
Q

How is a medial ankle sprain tested

A

Eversion stress test of ligaments

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13
Q

What are the 2 main Achilles injuries

A

Achilles tendinopathy and achillies rupture

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14
Q

Kujala, Sarna and Kaprio, 2005

A

52% long distance runners suffer this

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15
Q

Why does injuries occur in the achillies

Sterkenburg and Dijk 2011

A

Increased training distances/speed
Training surfaced
Age
Change in footwear

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16
Q

Freedman, Gordon and Soslowsky 2014

A

75% occur in men between 30-49 years old

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17
Q

What ratio of men to women suffer achillies tendon rupture

A

6:1

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18
Q

What happens when achillies tendon ruptures

A

Feels like they have been shot in the back of the leg

No plantar flexion available

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19
Q

2 fixes for achillies tendon rupture

A

Conserservative

Surgical

20
Q

Why do athletes chose the surgical route

A

The conservative route lengthens the tendons and May cause calf muscle atrophy

21
Q

What is plantar fasciitis

A

Over use of the plantarfasia

22
Q

What athletes or movements is plantar fasciitis common in

A

Jumping, running and dancing

23
Q

How is plantar fasciitis caused

A

Excessive pronation
Calf tightness
Lack of dorsiflexion

24
Q

Where is pain for plantar fasciitis

A

In the heel

Tenderness in the medial aspect
of the calcaneus

Tightness of the calf

25
Q

What is the treatment for plantar fasciitis

A

Rest

Calf stretching

Iced waterbottle/golf ball

Taping

Biomechanics correction

26
Q

3 types of injury

A

Acute
Sub acute
Chronic

27
Q

Example of an acute injury

A

Dislocated shoulder shoulder

Overstretching a muscle or a partial/complete tear

28
Q

Example of a sub acute

A

Sprained laterals ligaments of the ankle

29
Q

Example of a chronic injury

A

Elbow tendinopathy

30
Q

What is the 1st grade of a strain

A

Mild tear which hinders range of motion

Mild to moderate pain

31
Q

What is the 2nd grade of a strain

A

Moderate tear with significant loss of ROM

Moderate to severe pain

32
Q

What’s a grade 3 strain

A

Complete tear ‘rupture’

May be minimal pain

33
Q

What is the 1st grade of a sprain

A

Mild tear/over-stretching - no joint instability

Minimal pain, bruising and swelling

34
Q

What is the 2nd grade of sprains

A

Partial tear with some loss of functions

Pain, swelling and bruising present

35
Q

What is the 3rd grade of sprain

A

Complete tear (rupture)

Severe swelling and bruising

Instability to weight bearing

36
Q

Stages of tissue healing

A

Bleeding > inflammation > proliferation > remodelling

37
Q

Whiting and Zernicke 1998

A

Definition of injury

Injury is the damage caused by physical trauma sustained by tissues of the body

38
Q

Bleakly, Glasgow and Macauley 2012

A

POLICE AND PRICE

39
Q

Whiting and zernicke 2008

A

The nature of injury is determined by magnitude, rate, direction, location, duration and frequency

40
Q

What is macro trauma

A

Large magnitude
Short and sudden usually a one off event

Acute

41
Q

What is a micro trauma

A

Small in magnitude
Over a long period of time often repetitive and high frequency

Chronic

42
Q

What percentage of ankle injuries are sprained

A

85%

43
Q

How many ankle sprains per day are there in the UK

A

6000

44
Q

What are the causes of lateral ankle sprains

A

Landing from a jump
Landing or treading on another players foot
Running or change in direction on and on even surface

45
Q

Mitchell 2016

A

Intrinsic factors
BMI fitness previous injury muscle flexibility and imbalance

Extrinsic factors environment temperature equipment and the nature of the sport

46
Q

Kannus 2003

A

Acute phase of healing

47
Q

Bleakly 2012

A

Said that mobilisation of injured tissue should be done it earlier after an injury

Sports Injuries (3 decks)

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