Ankle/Foot

Question 1

What are the functions of the ankle?

Answer 1

Stability (BoS, Rigid lever for push-off)

Flexibility (adapt to terrain, shock absorption)

Question 2

Is pronation or supination associated with flexibility?

Answer 2

Pronation

Question 3

Is pronation or supination associated with stability?

Answer 3

Supination

Question 4

Pes cavus is ____

Answer 4

rigid, high arch

Question 5

Pes planus is ____

Answer 5

flexibility, flat arch

Question 6

Arthrokinematics of talocrural joint

Answer 6

Convex (talus) moving on concave (tib/fib), roll and glide OPPOSITE

Question 7

In DF, talus rolls anteriorly, so glide is?

Answer 7

posteriorly

Question 8

In PF, talus rolls posteriorly, so glide is?

Answer 8

anteriorly

Question 9

Subtalar Joint glide during foot eversion

Answer 9

lateral glide

Question 10

Subtalar Joint glide during foot inversion

Answer 10

medial glide

Question 11

Pronation, Open Chain of Ankle (Sitting)

Answer 11

Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Abduction
(All related to calcaneus)

Question 12

Pronation, Closed Chain of Ankle (Standing)

Answer 12

Talar adduction
Talar plantarflexion
Calcaneal eversion

Question 13

Supination, Open Chain

Answer 13

Inversion
Plantarflexion
Adduction

Question 14

Supination, Closed Chain

Answer 14

talar abduction
talar dorsiflexion
calcaneal inversion

Question 15

What tightens during the Windlass Mechanism

Answer 15

Great toe extension tightens plantar aponeurosis

Question 16

What is the 1st point of Normalcy?

Answer 16

Tibia is vertical

Question 17

What is the 2nd point of Normalcy?

Answer 17

Calcaneus in line w/ tibia

Question 18

What is the 3rd point of Normalcy?

Answer 18

Metatarsals in plane is perpendicular to calcaneus

Question 19

What is the 4th point of Normalcy?

Answer 19

Metatarsals are in the same plane

Question 20

rearfoot varus (NWB)

Answer 20

Subtalar joint neutral
Calcaneal inverted
Forefoot inverted

Question 21

rearfoot varus (WB)

Answer 21

Subtalar joint pronated
Calcaneus vertical
Forefoot flat

Question 22

forefoot varus (NWB)

Answer 22

Subtalar joint neutral
Calcaneus vertical
Forefoot inverted

Question 23

forefoot varus (WB)

Answer 23

Subtalar joint neutral pronated
Calcaneus everted
Forefoot flat

Question 24

forefoot valgus (NWB)

Answer 24

Subtalar joint neutral
Calcaneus vertical
Forefoot everted

Question 25

forefoot valgus (WB)

Answer 25

Subtalar joint supinated
Calcaneus inverted
Forefoot stable

Question 26

Characteristics of Equinus

Answer 26

Plantarflexed foot
due to tight gastric + achilles tendon
WB complications during < 10 degrees of gait

Question 27

Characteristics of Hallux Abducto Valgus

Answer 27

Progressive adduction of 1st metatarsal
Large lateral deviation of Big Toe
>180 degrees at 1st MTP joint

Question 28

Causes of Hallux Abducto Valgus

Answer 28

Genetics
Improper shoe wear
Limited toe extension
Overpronation (push off medial side)

Question 29

In leg length discrepancy, the short limb compensates by?

Answer 29

Foot supination (to lengthen limb)

Question 30

In leg length discrepancy, the long limb compensates by?

Answer 30

Foot pronation (to shorten limb)

Question 31

Internal and external tibial torsion increases stress to what?

Answer 31

Knee and foot due to misalignment

Question 32

Tibial Varum

Answer 32

“bowed-out”

affects knee + foot mechanics

Question 33

What type of pathokinesiology is associated w/ patellofemoral dysfunction?

Answer 33

Forefoot varus