Ankle & Foot

Question 1

The talocrural joint forms the __________ __________ which allows for what movements?

Answer 1

ankle mortise, dorsiflexion & plantarflexion

Question 2

What muscles assist with ankle plantarflexion?

Answer 2

• gastrocnemius
• soleus
• tibialis posterior
• plantaris
• fibularis longus & brevis

Question 3

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 3

Tibial n.

Question 4

What muscles assist with ankle dorsiflexion?

Answer 4

• tibialis anterior
  -extensor digitorum longus
• extensor hallucis longus
• fibularis tertius

Question 5

What muscles assist with ankle inversion?

Answer 5

• tibialis posterior
• flexor digitorum longus
• flexor hallucis longus
• tibialis anterior

Question 6

What muscles assist with ankle eversion?

Answer 6

• fibularis longus, brevis & tertius
• extensor digitorum longus

Question 7

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 7

superficial fibular N

Question 8

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 8

deep fibular N

Question 9

Which is convex and concave in the talocrural joint?

Answer 9

convex = talus
concave = tibia

Question 10

Describe the roll & glide during open-chain ankle dorsiflexion.

Answer 10

anterior roll, posterior glide

Question 11

Describe the roll & glide during open-chain ankle plantarflexion.

Answer 11

posterior roll, anterior glide

Question 12

Describe the roll & glide during closed-chain ankle dorsiflexion.

Answer 12

anterior roll, anterior glide

Question 13

What movements at the ankle occur in the sagittal plane?

Answer 13

plantarflexion & dorsiflexion

Question 14

What deformities can occur at the ankle that affect movements in the sagittal plane?

Answer 14

pes equinus & pes calcaneus

Question 15

Pes equinus

Answer 15

foot is held in plantarflexion

Question 16

Pec calcaneus

Answer 16

foot is held in dorsiflexion

Question 17

Which movements at the ankle occur in the frontal plane?

Answer 17

inversion & eversion

Question 18

What deformities can occur at the ankle that affect movements that occur in the frontal plane?

Answer 18

varus & valgus

Question 19

Varus (ankle)

Answer 19

foot held in inversion

Question 20

Valgus (ankle)

Answer 20

foot held in eversion

Question 21

What movements occur at the ankle in the transverse plane?

Answer 21

abduction & adduction

Question 22

What deformities can occur at the ankle that affect movements in the transverse plane?

Answer 22

abductus & adductus

Question 23

Abductus (ankle)

Answer 23

foot held in abducted position

Question 24

Adductus

Answer 24

foot held in adducted position

Question 25

What triplanar movements occur with closed-kinetic chain supination?

Answer 25

abduction inversion dorsiflexion

Question 26

What triplanar movements occur with open-chain supination?

Answer 26

adduction inversion plantarflexion

Question 27

What deformity can occur that affects triplanar movement in CKC supination?

Answer 27

pes cavus

Question 28

What is a pes cavus foot? What movement does it cause difficulty with?

Answer 28

high arch difficulty w/pronation

Question 29

What triplanar movements occur with CKC pronation?

Answer 29

adduction eversion plantarflexion

Question 30

What triplanar movements occur with open-chain pronation?

Answer 30

abduction eversion dorsiflexion

Question 31

What deformity can occur that affects triplanar movement in CKC pronation?

Answer 31

pes planus

Question 32

What is a pes planus foot? What movement does it cause difficulty with?

Answer 32

flat foot difficulty w/supination

Question 33

What movement do the deltoid ligaments of the ankle limit?

Answer 33

eversion

Question 34

What movement do the lateral ligaments of the ankle limit?

Answer 34

eversion

Question 35

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

Answer 35

anterior talofibular posterior talofibular calcaneofibular

Question 36

Which ligaments are usually involved with a low ankle sprain?

Answer 36

deltoid, anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

Question 37

What ligaments are usually involved with a high ankle sprain?

Answer 37

anterior & posterior talofibular

Question 38

What are the key ligaments of the foot?

Answer 38

long plantar & spring ligament

Question 39

Long plantar ligament - where does it run? what does it do?

Answer 39

extends from the calcaneus to the cuboid and lateral metatarsals provides structural stability to lateral side of foot

Question 40

Spring ligament - where does it run? what does it do?

Answer 40

calcaneus to navicular bones supports medial longitudinal arch

Question 41

What is the function of the medial longitudinal ligament?

Answer 41

load bearing & shock absorbing

Question 42

What is the function of the plantar fascia?

Answer 42

provides passive support to medial longitudinal ligament

Question 43

What is the transverse arch formed by?

Answer 43

cuneiforms & cuboid

Question 44

A front squat requires more ankle ______________________.

Answer 44

dorsiflexion

Question 45

What individuals benefit from using a front squat? Why?

Answer 45

individuals w/back pain shorter moment arm on back = less torque

Question 46

What individuals benefit from using a low bar back squat? Why?

Answer 46

individuals w/bad knees or w/longer femurs shorter moment arm on knees = less torque