Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OCS Prep > Ankle/ Foot > Flashcards

Ankle/ Foot Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the five theories thought to cause a Morton’s Neuroma?

A 
1- Chronic trauma
2- Ischemic theory
3- intermetatarsal bursistis theory
4- Entrapment theory
5- Pronation theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the clinical findings associated with Morton’s neuroma?

A

1- burning pain in the plantar 3 R.D. we space

  1. Pain in toes
  2. Pain worsened with walking in narrow shoes
  3. Mulders sign
  4. Digital nerve stretch test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Mulder’s sign ?

A

Examiner grasps 1 st and 5th MT’s and squeezes while exerting for pressure at sire of expected lesion with opposite thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common moi for ankle sprains?

A
  • forefoot adduction, hindfoot Ir, ankle inversion in plantar flexion and Er of the leg beyond anatomical constraints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common ligament injured in ankle sprains?

A
  • up to 73% of injuries involve the ATFL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the primary restraint to inversion moment when the ankle is in a plantar flexed ?

A

The ATFL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A

Ankle: pain in the malleolar zone (AND)

  • tenderness at the posterior aspect of the tip of lateral mall. OR
  • tenderness at the posterior aspect of the tip of the medial mall, OR
  • inability to bear weight immediately and in er
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ottawa foot rules

A

Foot: Pain in the mid foot zone (AND)

  • tenderness at 5th metatarsal base, OR
  • tenderness at the navicular bone, OR
  • inability to bear weight immediately or in ER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of a Grade 1 ankle sprain .

A
  • no loss of function, no ligamentous laxity
  • (-) anterior drawer and Talar tilt
  • rom decreased by five degrees or less
  • recovery 7.2 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of a grade 2 ankle sprain.

A
  • some loss of function, some ligamentous laxity
  • (+) anterior drawer, (-) talar tilt,
  • decreased rom by >5 degrees , but less than 10
  • recovery time 15 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of a grade 3 ankle sprain

A
  • near total loss of function,
  • (+) anterior drawer and talar tilt
  • recovery: 3A- 30.7 days
  • recovery: 3B - 55.4 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two functional outcome measures have the strongest evidence for use when examining ankle sprains?

A
  • FAAM

- LEFS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How strong is the evidence to support the single leg hop test when evaluating a patient in the post acute period for ankle sprains?

A

Moderate evidence to use single leghop test

- diagonal, lateral and direction changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What tests should not be used for ankle sprains?

A

Shuttle run,Cocontraction,Up/ down hop,Triple crossover

Single limb hurdle, single limb fwd hop for distance, single limb 6 m hop for time, single limb 30 m hop for time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the evidence to support Manual therapy for ankle sprains?

A

Moderate evidence for:

- stm, joint mobilizations, lymphatic drainage, anterior to posterior talar mobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Evidence for cryotherapy in ankle sprains?

A

Strong evidence to support intermittent applications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Should you use ultrasound to treat ankle sprains?

A

Strong evidence against the use of US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the level of evidence for electro therapy and laser therapy for ankle sprains?

A

Conflicting evidence for both

- do not use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CPR for manual therapy and ankle sprains

A
  • symptoms worse when standing
  • symptoms worse in the evening
  • navicular drop> 5 mm
  • distal tibfib joint hypomobility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Can you recommend lace up braces for prevention of ankle sprains?

A
  • yes, studies support reduced incidence by a factor of 2-3 regardless of sex, age, BMI, competition level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What nerves can be injured with a grade 2- 3 inversion sprain?

A

Fibular and tibial nerves can show denervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are extrinsic Risk factors for acute lateral ankle sprain?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • h/o lateral ankle sprain
  • do not use external support
  • does not warm up properly
  • lack of normal TCJ, DF ROM
  • do not participate in balance/ proprioception exercises
23
Q

What nerve innervates the Achilles’ tendon?

24
Q

What are some common signs and symptoms of Achilles tendinopathy?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Intermittent pain related to exercise
  • stiffness or Pain at the beginning of exercise session
  • stiffness upon WB after periods of immobility
25
What tests can you use for Achilles tendinopathy?
- Thompson’s test - + TTP Achilles’ tendon - + decreased PF strength - + arc sign area of palpated swelling moves with DF/PF - + Royal London test - TTP along Achilles’ tendon in PF that decreases in DF
26
What is the level of evidence to support eccentric exercises for Achilles tendinopathy?
- Strong evidence to support eccentric exercises 3x 15 reps x 12 weeks
27
What is the level of evidence for iontophoresis with Achilles tendinopathy.
- Moderate evidence for 3 ml dexamethasone
28
What is the level of evidence to support use of low level laser therapy for Achilles tendinopathy?
- Moderate evidence for use of laser therapy | - 820 nm wavelength x .9 j per point at six points along Achilles’ tendon x 12 sessions over 8 weeks
29
What is the typical clinical course for Achilles tendinopathy?
- Improvement in function ca be expected in 6-12 weeks - long term follow up suggest 71-100%are able to return to prior level of activity - results are more favorable in athletic population - younger patients(33 years) better than older (48 years)
30
Can you recommend night splints for Achilles tendinopathy?
- night splints are not beneficial for Achilles tendinopathy
31
Can you recommend heel lifts fir Achilles tendinopathy?
- contradictory evidence to support use of heel lifts
32
What two functional outcome measures can be used for examination of Achilles tendinopathy?
- Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment ( VISA- A) | - foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)
33
What are the risk factors for plantar fasciitis according to CPG?
- Moderate evidence for: - BMI 25-30+ - decreased ankle DF - work related WB activities
34
What is the clinical course for plantar fasciitis?
- clinical course an be over one year with symptoms lasting from 13.3 to 14.4months
35
What outcome measures should clinicians use for plantar fasciitis?
- FAAM - FHSQ - FFI - LEFS - VAS
36
What interventions have strong evidence to manage Plantar fasciitis?
- Strong evidence for: - manual therapy- cuboid thrusts, prox./ distal tib fib manipulation - stretching- 2-3x a day x 3 min - anti pronation taping- immediate pain reduction up to 3 weeks - foot orthosis- pre fab or custom 2 weeks to 1 year - night splints - 1-3 month program
37
What interventions show weak evidence for management of plantar fasciitis?
- Weak evidence for: - foot wear - low level laser therapy - weight loss management
38
Should clinicians recommend corticosteroid injection t manage plantar fasciitis?
Weak evidence for injections - more harm than good - injection site pain, infection, PF rupture, fat pad atrophy, peripheral nerve damage
39
Should clinicians use US to treat plantar fasciitis?
No, US can not be recommended for heel pain/ plantar fasciitis.
40
What are the four stages of posterior tendinitis dysfunction?
- Stage 1- TTP, swelling around tendon, but not foot - + pain with heel raises - Stage 2- flat foot posture- “too many toes sign” - damage to spring ligament - can’t perform heel raise - Stage 3 - foot flat posture- rigid - Stage 4- degenerative ankle changes OA - severe foot flat
41
What is the pathomechanical cause of PF?
Biomechanical stress on PF - mechanical overload - high BMI - tight Achilles - localized nerve entrapment - medial calcaneal/ Lateral plantar
42
What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?
Compression of posterior tibial nerve in tarsal tunnel | - posterior to medial malleolus
43
What are symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome?
Pain, parasthesia along plantar surface of foot - worse with prolonged standing and running - worse at night
44
How is tarsal tunnel syndrome diagnosed?
- Tarsal tunnel test, Tinel’s sign | - max DF, eversion and extension of toes while tapping tarsal tunnel
45
How is tarsal tunnel managed?
- Arch supports - mobilizations of mid foot - neural dynamics - strengthens foot intrinsic
46
Name for shin splints
Medial tibial stress syndrome - exercise induced leg pain- better with rest - + diffuse, vague pain - + TTP along distal 2/3 posterior medial border of tibia
47
Management of medial tibial stress syndrome
- rest,iontophoreseis, phonophoresis, ice massage, US | - ESWT
48
What are signs of stress fracture in the leg?
- Repetitive stress - more localized symptoms - + TYP along anterior proximal 1/3 of tibia - no neurological symptoms
49
Management of stress fracture
Rest, activity modifications, may be NWB with crutches
50
Describe the digital nerve stretch | test
Ankles held in PF on examiners knees | - Pain and discomfort in web space of affected foot
51
What imaging tool is appropriate to diagnose Achilles tendonopathy?
US and MRI are equal in diagnosis g Achilles tendonopathy
52
What would you expect to find on US for someone with plantar fasciitis?
Thickening of the plantar fascia is sign of plantar fasciitis - decreases in pain s associated with de tease in thickness of plantar fascia
53
Causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome
- Overpronation that compress posterior tibial nerve - often bilateral - OA of the ankle - RA - Diabetes - Talonavicular coalition - ganglion cyst
54
Describe the Sports Ankle Rating System
- used for active population - consists of quality of life measures, clinical rating score, and single assessment numeric evaluation - the qol measure assesses the athletes quality of life - symptoms, work/ school activities, ADL, recreation/ sport activities and lifestyle. - clinical component assesses gait, motion, strength, stability, single limb balance, and lateral hopping

OCS Prep (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions