Ankle OP Flashcards
(24 cards)
Gastrocnemius
Posterior compartment - superficial
Origin = lateral condyle of femur
Insertion = calcaneal tendon
Actions = PF and knee flexion
Plantaris
Posterior compartment - superficial
Origin = lateral supracondylar ridge of femur (just above lateral condyle of femur)
Insertion = calcaneal tendon
Actions = PF and knee flexion
Soleus
Posterior compartment - superficial
Origin = head of fibula and medial tibia
Insertion = calcaneal tendon
Actions = PF
Popliteus
Posterior compartment - superifical
Origin = lateral condyle of femur
Insertion = proximal tibia on medial side
Actions = knee flexion, medial rotation of tibia
Tibialis Posterior
Posterior compartment - deep
Origin = tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion = broad attachment on plantar surface of foot
Actions = PF, inversion
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Posterior compartment - deep
Origin = posterior surface of tibia
Insertion = distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Actions = PF, toe flexion, slight inversion
Flexor Hallicus Longus
Posterior compartment - deep
Origin = posterior inferior surface of fibula
Insertion = distal phalanx of digit 1
Actions = ankle flexion, flexion of big toe, slight inversion
Tibialis Anterior
Anterior compartment - superficial
Origin = lateral condyle of tibia, tibia and interosseous membrane
Insertion = metatarsal 1, medial cuneiform
Actions = DF, inversion
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Anterior compartment - superficial
Origin = lateral condyle of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion = middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Actions = DF, extension of toes
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Anterior compartment - deep
Origin = anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion = distal phalanges of bit toe
Actions = DF, extension of big toe
Fibularis/Peroneus Tertius
Anterior compartment - deep
Origin = distal surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion = base of 5th metatarsal
Actions = eversion, DF
Fibularis Brevis
Lateral compartment - superficial
Origin = fibula
Insertion = base of 5th metatarsal
Actions = eversion, PF
Fibularis Longus
Lateral compartment - deep
Origin = head and body of fibula
Insertion = metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform
Actions = eversion, PF
What plexus supplies lower limbs?
Sacral plexus (L4-S4)
Which nerves do sacral plexus bifurcate to? Name some of the muscles innervated by these nerves
Tibial:
- tibialis posterior, soleus, gastroc, flexors
Fibular:
- tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensors, fibularis longus
What are the landmarks in Ottawa Ankle Rules and what are the criteria for it?
Lateral and medial malleolus, navicular, base of the 5th metatarsal
Pt can or cannot take 4 steps
Weight bearing immediately after injury or not
If any tenderness in 2 or more of the landmarks and they cannot weight bear immediately after injury and cannot take more than 4 steps, this is indicative of a fracture and should be sent for imaging
Describe talar tilt test
Used to test for injury to lateral ligaments
- PTFL > DF and invert
- CFL > neutral and invert
- ATFL > PF and invert
What can compression/squeeze test be used for?
High ankle sprain > AITFL and PITFL
Name the lateral ligaments
Anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament
What is the origin insertion of the CFL?
Origin = lateral malleolus
Insertion = lateral calcaneus
What is the origin insertion of the ATFL?
Origin = lateral malleolus
Insertion = lateral aspect of talar neck
What is the origin insertion of the PTFL?
Origin = posterior aspect of distal fibula just posterior to lateral malleolus
Insertion = lateral tubercle of posterior talus
What is the deltoid ligament composed of?
Tibionavicular ligament, tibicalcaneal ligament, anterior tibiotalar ligament and posterior tibiotalar ligament
Origin of all 4 = medial malleolus
What special test is used for deltoid ligament?
Kleiger’s test > neutral position then rotate ankle externally
