Anne Boykin & Savina Schoenhofer- Afaf Ibrahim Meleis

Question 1

the between, call for nursing, nursing response and
personhood served as substantive and structural bases for
their conceptualization of nursing as caring. Nursing as caring
qualitatively transforms practice

Answer 1

“Theory of Nursing as Caring”

Question 2

essential for understanding living as caring and appreciating their unique expression in the reciprocal relationship of the nurse and the nursed.

Answer 2

Mayeroff’s Major Ingredients Of Caring

Question 3

What are the major ingredients of caring

Answer 3

knowing, alternating rhythm, patience, honesty, trust, humility, hope, courage

Question 4

communities of scholars who develop a particular perspective
on the world and what it means to be in the world

Answer 4

Disciplines Of Knowledge

Question 5

hold a value system in common that is expressed in its unique focus on knowledge and practice.

Answer 5

Disciplinary Communities

Question 6

nurturing persons living and growing in caring

Answer 6

Focus Of Nursing

Question 7

to know persons as caring and it to support and sustain them as they live caring.

Answer 7

Intention Of Nursing

Question 8

the intentional and authentic presence of the nurse with another who is recognized as living in caring and growing in caring

Answer 8

Caring in nursing

Question 9

constantly unfolding in caring

Answer 9

Person

Question 10

unique and unpredictable in the moment and therefore cannot and should not be manipulated or objectified as testable, researchable variables.

Answer 10

Person

Question 11

the locus of all that is known and done in nursing.

Answer 11

Nursing situation

Question 12

the shared lived experience in which caring between nurse and nursed enhances personhood.

Answer 12

Nursing situation

Question 13

a process of living that is grounded in caring.

Answer 13

Personhood

Question 14

implies being oneself as an authentic caring person and being open to unfold possibilities for caring.

Answer 14

Personhood

Question 15

opens the relationship to true caring between the nurse and the nursed

Answer 15

Direct Invitation

Question 16

offers the opportunity to the nursed to share what truly matters in the moment. “How might I nurse you in ways that are meaningful to you?”

Answer 16

Direct Invitation

Question 17

intentionality and authentic presence open the nurse to hearing calls for nursing.

Answer 17

Calls for Nursing

Question 18

situated personal expressions that cannot be predicted, but originate within persons who are living caring in their lives and who hold hopes and aspirations for growing in caring.

Answer 18

Calls for Nursing

Question 19

calls for nurturance perceived in the mind of the nurse

Answer 19

Calls for Nursing

Question 20

when the nurse enters the world of the other person with the intention of knowing the other as a caring person.

Answer 20

Caring between

Question 21

through presence and intentionality, the nurse comes to know the one nursed

Answer 21

Caring between

Question 22

constant and mutual unfolding enhances this loving relation.

Answer 22

Caring between

Question 23

unidirectional activity or reciprocal exchange

Answer 23

No Caring In Between

Question 24

It is cocreated in the immediacy of what truly matters and is a specific expression of caring nurturance to sustain and enhance the other’s living and growing in caring.

Answer 24

Nursing Response

Question 25

is a method for knowing nursing and a medium for all forms of nursing inquiry.

Answer 25

Story

Question 26

embodies the lived experience of nursing situation involving the nurse and the nursed.

Answer 26

Story

Question 27

content of nursing knowledge is generated, developed, conserved, and known through the lived experience of nursing situations.

Answer 27

story

Question 28

this method recreates and represents the essence of the experience, making the knowledge of nursing available for further study.

Answer 28

Story

Question 29

the fundamental assumption or basic premise of nursing as caring that all persons are caring

Answer 29

Perception of Persons as Caring

Question 30

fundamentally, potentially and actually, each person is caring

Answer 30

Persons are Caring by Virtue of their Humanness

Question 31

Centers on valuing and celebrating human wholeness, the human person as living and growing in caring, and active personal engagement with others.

Answer 31

Persons are Caring by Virtue of their Humanness

Question 32

no insufficiency, no brokenness, and no absence of something. The person is at all times whole.

Answer 32

Persons are Whole and Complete in the Moment

Question 33

caring is a lifetime process that is lived moment to moment and is constantly unfolding

Answer 33

Persons Live Caring, Moment to Moment

Question 34

Personhood is being authentic, demonstrating congruence between beliefs and behaviors, and living out the meaning of one’s life. From the perspective of nursing as caring, personhood is the universal human cell.

Answer 34

Personhood is Living Life Grounded in Caring

Question 35

Caring is living in context of relational responsibilities and possibilities, and it acknowledges the importance of knowing the person as person

Answer 35

Personhood is Enhanced through Participating in Nurturing Relationships with Caring Others

Question 36

As a discipline, nursing is a way of knowing, being, valuing, and living in the world and is envisaged as a unity of knowledge within a larger unity.

Answer 36

Nursing is both a Discipline and a Profession

Question 37

attends to the discovery, creation, development, and refinement of knowledge needed for the practice of nursing

Answer 37

Discipline

Question 38

attends to the application of that knowledge in response to human needs

Answer 38

Profession

Question 39

a visual presentation of the theoretical assertion that lived caring between the nurse and the nursed expresses underlying relationships.

Answer 39

Dance of Caring Persons

Question 40

a model to guide the whole of an organization in which each person in the health care system lives caring meaningfully and has a place of value in the care system.

Answer 40

Dance of Caring Persons

Question 41

Fundamental Assumptions Of Nursing As Caring

Answer 41

1. To be human is caring 2. The purpose of the discipline and profession is to come to know persons and nurture them as persons living caring and growing in caring.

Question 42

Theorist of Theory of Nursing as Caring

Answer 42

ANNE BOYKIN & SAVINA SCHOENHOFER

Question 43

What is the theory of Afaf Ibrahim Meleis

Answer 43

Transitions Theory

Question 44

What are the types and patterns of transitions

Answer 44

Developmental transition, health and illness transitions, situational, and organizational transitions

Question 45

birth, adolescence, menopause, aging and death

Answer 45

Developmental transition

Question 46

recovery process, hospital discharge, and diagnosis of chronic illness

Answer 46

Health and illness transitions

Question 47

changing environmental conditions that affect the lives of clients, as well as workers within them.

Answer 47

Organizational transitions

Question 48

What are the patterns of transition

Answer 48

multiplicity & complexity

Question 49

single or multiple

Answer 49

Multiplicity

Question 50

sequential, simultaneous, related or unrelated

Answer 50

Complexity

Question 51

what are the properties of transition experience

Answer 51

Awareness, engagement, changes and difference, time span, critical points and events

Question 52

perception, knowledge, and recognition of a transition experience” and level of awareness is commonly reflected in “the degree of congruency between what is known about processes and responses and what constitutes an expected set of responses and perceptions of individuals undergoing similar transitions”

Answer 52

awareness

Question 53

person doesn’t begin transition yet

Answer 53

Unawareness

Question 54

the degree to which a person demonstrates involvement in the process inherent in the transition”. Awareness influences the level of engagement. No engagement, no awareness

Answer 54

Engagement

Question 55

are a property of transitions.

Answer 55

Changes and differences

Question 56

identities, roles, relationships, abilities, and behavior are supposed to bring a sense of movement or direction to internal as well as external processes.

Answer 56

changes

Question 57

could be demonstrated by unsatisfied or atypical expectations, feeling dissimilar, being realized as dissimilar, or viewing the world and others in dissimilar ways

Answer 57

challenging differences

Question 58

all transitions may be characterized as flowing and moving over time.

Answer 58

time span

Question 59

a span of time with an identifiable starting point, extending from the first signs of anticipation, perception, or demonstration of change; moving through a period of instability, confusion and distress; to an eventual ‘ending’ with new beginning or period of stability

Answer 59

transition

Question 60

Final point of transition. “markers such as birth, death, cessation of menstruation, or the diagnosis of an illness”.

Answer 60

Critical points and events

Question 61

are usually linked to intensifying awareness of changes or dissimilarities or to a more exertive engagement in the transition process.

Answer 61

Critical points and events

Question 62

differentiated by a sense of counter pose in new schedules, competence, lifestyles and self-care behaviors

Answer 62

Transitions Theory

Question 63

variations, consecutive changes, and interruptions in existence

Answer 63

Duration of uncertainty

Question 64

those circumstances that influence the way a person moves through a transition, and that facilitate or hinder progress toward achieving a healthy transition.”

Answer 64

Transition Conditions

Question 65

meanings, cultural beliefs and attitudes, socioeconomic status, preparation and knowledge.

Answer 65

Personal conditions

Question 66

could be facilitators or inhibitors for transitions. Underdeveloped compared with personal transition

Answer 66

Community conditions & Societal conditions

Question 67

what are the Patterns of Response

Answer 67

process indicators and outcome indicators

Question 68

directs clients into health or toward vulnerability and risk make nurses conduct early assessment and intervention to expedite healthy outcomes.

Answer 68

Process Indicators

Question 69

Feeling connected

Answer 69

Process Indicators

Question 70

Interactions

Answer 70

Process Indicators

Question 71

Locating and being situated

Answer 71

Process Indicators

Question 72

Developing confidence and coping

Answer 72

Process Indicators

Question 73

may be used to check whether a transition is a healthy one

Answer 73

Outcome Indicators

Question 74

Mastery

Answer 74

Outcome Indicators

Question 75

Fluid integrative identities

Answer 75

Outcome Indicators

Question 76

three measures that are widely applicable to therapeutic intervention during transitions

Answer 76

nursing therapeutics

Question 77

what are the three nursing therapeuticcs

Answer 77

assessment of readiness, preparation for transition, role supplementation

Question 78

interdisciplinary effort based on a full understanding of the client.

Answer 78

Assessment of readiness

Question 79

requires assessment of each the transition conditions to generate a personal sketch of client readiness and to allow clinicians and researchers to determine diverse patterns of the transition experience.

Answer 79

Assessment of readiness

Question 80

includes education as the main modality for generating the best condition to be ready for a transition

Answer 80

Preparation for transition

Question 81

* Nurses are the primary caregivers of clients and their families who are undergoing transitions. * Transitions both result in change and are the result of change.

Answer 81

nursing

Question 82

* Transitions involve a process of movement and changes in fundamental life patterns, which are manifested in all individuals. * Transitions cause changes in identities, roles, relationships, abilities, and patterns of behavior. * The nature, conditions, meanings, and processes of their transition shape the daily lives of clients, environments, and interactions.

Answer 82

person

Question 83

* Transitions are complex and multidimensional. Transitions have patterns of multiplicity and complexity. * All transitions are characterized by flow and movement over time. * Change and difference are not interchangeable, nor are they synonymous with transition.

Answer 83

health

Question 84

Vulnerability is related to transition experience, interactions, and environmental conditions that expose individuals to potential damage, problematic or extended recovery, or delayed or unhealthy coping.

Answer 84

environment

Question 85

Fundamental Assumption of the Theory of Nursing as Caring

Answer 85

All persons are caring

Question 86

Used to come to know what matters most to the one nursed at the moment

Answer 86

direct invitation

Question 87

intention of direct invitation

Answer 87

truly coming to know the one nursed

Question 88

Without this, nursing in its fullest sense does not occur

Answer 88

caring between

Question 89

Type of transition: Changing environmental conditions that affect the lives of the client, as well as workers within them

Answer 89

organizational

Question 90

Type of transition: Changing environmental conditions that affect the lives of the client, as well as workers within them

Answer 90

organizational

Question 91

Markers such as birth, death, the cessation of menstruation, or the diagnosis of an illness

Answer 91

critical points

Question 92

Transition condition: marginalization of immigrants in the host country

Answer 92

societal condition

Question 93

Transition condition: community resources

Answer 93

community condition

Question 94

This can also represent a healthy completion of a transition

Answer 94

Identity reformulation

Question 95

predictive given behavior and are shaped by the nature of the target behavior being considered

Answer 95

personal factors

Question 96

The synthesis of the two major constructs that guide the researcher to discover, explain, and account for health, well-being, care expressions, and other human conditions

Answer 96

culture care

Question 97

totality of an event, situation, a particular experience that gives meanings to people's expressions, interpretations, and social interactions within a particular geophysical, ecological, spiritual, sociopolitical, and technological factors in specific cultural settings

Answer 97

environmental context