Anomolies

Question 1

what tissues are interacting in week 6 of tooth development?

Answer 1

epithelium and ectomesenchyme

Question 2

when is bud stage?

Answer 2

week 8

Question 3

what stage of tooth development results in disruption that is seen on clinic?

Answer 3

bud stage at week 8

Question 4

when is cap stage?

Answer 4

week 11

Question 5

when do layers form in tooth development?

Answer 5

cap stage at week 11

Question 6

when is bell stage?

Answer 6

week 14

Question 7

what are the 5 classifications of anomalies?

Answer 7

quantity
size and form
formation disturbances
hereditary disturbances of structure
other

Question 8

how do you differentiate developmental and environmental anomalies?

Answer 8

Developmental – affect all the teeth as they require the same gene expression

Environmental – will only affect teeth that were developing at the time when the environmental factor was an issue

Question 9

what are the 3 quantitative developmental disorders?

Answer 9

anodontia/ hypodontia
hyperdontia

Question 10

what is hypodontia?

Answer 10

missing teeth due to failing to develop

Question 11

what are the 2 types of hypodontia?

Answer 11

anodontia
oligodontia

Question 12

what is anodontia?

Answer 12

total lack of teeth in one or both dentitions

• no alveolar bone

Question 13

what is oligodontia?

Answer 13

more than 6 primary or permanent teeth are absent

Question 14

aetiology of hypodontia?

Answer 14

genetic, environmental or both

sometimes single-gene disorders

Question 15

what syndromes is hypodontia associated with?

Answer 15

trisomy 21 (down syndrome)
ectodermal dysplasia

Question 16

what do people with ectodermal dysplasia not have?

Answer 16

sweat glands

Question 17

what are supernumerary teeth?

Answer 17

additional teeth

Question 18

where do you find mesiodens?

Answer 18

midline
peg shaped teeth

Question 19

what do supplemental teeth look like?

Answer 19

normal teeth

Question 20

what is a risk associated with conical supernumeraries?

Answer 20

if they dont erupt they could migrate towards the nose

Question 21

what skeletal dysplasia disorder may lead to supernumerary teeth?

Answer 21

cleidocranial dysostosis

Question 22

what gene switches on and allows teeth to develop?

Answer 22

MSX1

Question 23

what are the size and shape anomalies?

Answer 23

microdontia
macrodontia
dens en dente
talon cusp

Question 24

what is microdontia?

Answer 24

one or more teeth appear smaller than normal, including peg shaped teeth

Question 25

what is macrodontia?

Answer 25

teeth are larger than normal

Question 26

what are forms of macrodontia?

Answer 26

double teeth dens en dente (dens invaginatus) talon cusps (dens envagintus)

Question 27

what are the 2 causes of macrodontia?

Answer 27

fusion gemination

Question 28

what is fusion?

Answer 28

union of 2 tooth buds

Question 29

what is gemination?

Answer 29

single root 2 crowns

Question 30

what is dens en dente?

Answer 30

localised area where the crown is folded inwards

Question 31

what is clinically important about dens en dente?

Answer 31

caries can lead to pulpitis and periapical infection

Question 32

what are talon cusps?

Answer 32

adjunct cusp arises from the cingulum or CEJ in anterior teeth

Question 33

what are types of structural developmental anomalies?

Answer 33

hereditary: amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinal dysplasia, dentinogenesis imperfecta non hereditary: MIH, fluorosis, turners tooth

Question 34

what is amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 34

defect in function of ameloblast and mineralisation of enamel matrix

Question 35

what are the 2 types of amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 35

hypoplastic hypomineralised

Question 36

what does hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta present as?

Answer 36

thin but hard enamel; normal bond strength

Question 37

aetiology of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 37

teeth different shape before eruption

Question 38

what does hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta present as?

Answer 38

full thickness enamel but soft; impaired bond strength

Question 39

aetiology of hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 39

breakdown occurs after tooth erupts

Question 40

how is amelogenesis imperfecta inherited?

Answer 40

autosomal dominance

Question 41

what are dental defects associated with amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 41

pulp calcification taurodontism delayed eruption gingival overgrowth skeletal anterior open bite

Question 42

what are the types of hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 42

hypocalcified hypomature

Question 43

what does hypomature AI present as?

Answer 43

chalky orange/brown/white

Question 44

what does hypocalcified AI present as?

Answer 44

enamel only persists on cervical part

Question 45

what is dentinogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 45

autosomal dominant inherited condition

Question 46

what is type I DI?

Answer 46

associated with osteosis imperfecta - less severe

Question 47

what is type II DI?

Answer 47

DI on its own - more significant

Question 48

what is type III DI?

Answer 48

"Brandywine isolate"

Question 49

how is DI normally managed?

Answer 49

bisphosphonates

Question 50

what does DI present as in the primary dentition?

Answer 50

amber attrition pulp obliteration spontaneous abscesses

Question 51

what does DI present as in the permanent dentition?

Answer 51

grey/translucent short root pulp obliteration spontaneous abscesses

Question 52

what is MIH?

Answer 52

developmental defect in enamel structure with less mineral content due to disruption to the maturation/ late transitional stage of amelogenesis

Question 53

what teeth are most affected by MIH?

Answer 53

1st permanent molars and central incisors

Question 54

what can MIH appear as?

Answer 54

demarcated enamel opacities ranging in colour hypoplastic breakdown of teeth

Question 55

what does fluorosis arise from?

Answer 55

ingestion of high fluoride concentrations during amelogenesis

Question 56

what is turners tooth?

Answer 56

area of hypoplastic enamel following infection around the interradicular area of a primary tooth

Question 57

what teeth are usually affected by turners tooth?

Answer 57

successional tooth - often 2nd premolars

Question 58

what is it called when a root has an irregular bend?

Answer 58

dilacerated root