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Anorexia/inappetance Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

DDx for anorexia/ineppetance in small animals?

A 
FIP
FIA
FeLV
FIV
Uraemia
Liver disease
DKA
Neoplasia/lymphoma
Babesia
Borrrelia
Leishmania
AKI
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2
Q

Clinical signs of FIP?

A

Pyrexia, inappetance/anorexia, weight loss, diarrhoea, dehydration, jaundice, PUO

Effusive: abdominal effusion, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion

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3
Q

Two forms of FIP?

A

Effusive (60-75%)

Dry (25-40%)

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4
Q

Diagnoses of FIP?

A

History, clinical signs, physical exam (uevitis, fluid thrills), CBC =l ymphopenia, neutrophilia with left shift, hypergolbinaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia

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5
Q

Fluid analysis of FIP fluid?

A

Clear, straw colour => high protein content, viscous

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6
Q

Tx of FIP?

A 
Supportive/palliative
Abs
SQ fluids
Nutrition
Rest
Thoracocentesis
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7
Q

CS of FIA?

A

Acute: inappetance/anorexia, lethargy, fever, aneamia, splenomegaly, icterus

Chronic: weakness, depression, weight loss, normal to subnormal temp

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8
Q

CBC of FIA cat?

A

Regenerative anaemia - PCV 15-18% erytheopagocytosis and autoagglutination may be present

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9
Q

Diagnosis of FIA?

A

Smear with evidence of mycoplasma haemofelis

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10
Q

Tx of FIA?

A

Doxycycline: 5-10mg/kg orally for 14-21 days, flea control, supportive care (blood transfuion is needed, immunosuprresion)

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11
Q

Prognosis of FIA?

A

Approc 1/3 with uncomplicated acute disease die

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12
Q

Clinical signs of FeLV?

A

Inappetance/anorexia, weight loss, wasting, poor coat, lymphadenopathy, fever, pale mms, occular disease, gingivitis, stomatitis, infections, d+, seizures

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13
Q

Diagnosis of FeLV?

A

Antigen test, immunoassay, PCR, IFA

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14
Q

Treatment of FeLV

A

Systemically well: general preventative health care: nutrition, neuter, confine indoors

Sick: supportive care, treat secondary illnesses and confine indoors

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15
Q

Phases of FIV?

A

Acute: several days to weeks clinical signs of mild ilness - fever, lethargy, d+, lymphadenopathy

asymptomatic carrier: up to 10 years. healthy appearance but defects to immune system

AIDS: only 10% FIV +ve cats reach this stage survival is only a few weeks to months, neurological disease and neoplasia

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16
Q

Tests for FIV?

A

CBC - neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and co infections iwth M. haemofelis
Biocemistry NDAD
FIV antibody test
IFA - detects antibodies

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17
Q

Tx of FIV?

A

Supportive therapy, ABS lactoferrin (stomatitis)

Antiviral therapy (ziovudine) = reduces plasma viral load and improves stomatitis but monitor for heinz body anaemia

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18
Q

Clinical signs and diagnosis of uraemia?

A

Combination of azotaemia and clinical signs of vomiting, weight loss, diarrhoea, lethargy, stomatitis

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19
Q

Clinical signs of multicentric lymphoma?

A

Generalised lymphadenopathy, anorexia, pyrexia, lethargy, PU/PD (hypercal)

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20
Q

Clinical signs of babesiosis?

A

Lethargy, depression, anorexia, icterus, splenomegaly, tachycardia/pneoa

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21
Q

Diagnosis of babesia?

A

Thombrocytopenia common, many dogs coomb’s test positive, PCR, serology, smear

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22
Q

Treatment of babesia?

A

Imidocarb

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23
Q

Clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of borrleiosis?

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A

CS: lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia, inflammatory polyarthririts

Dx: No pathogenomic test

Tx: emprirical antibiotics - doxycycline/amoxicillin

24
Q

Clinical signs of leishmania?

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A

Weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, skin disease, splenomegaly

25
Diagnosis of leishmania?
Demonstration of parasite Serology - high AB titres PCR - senitive - useful in early infection Clin path: hyperglob, decreased alb/glob ratio, thrombocytopaenia, non-regenertive anaemia
26
Tx of leishmania?
Antilieshmanial drugs of prolonged treatment
27
Prevention of leishmania?
Sandfly vaccine, topical insecticides (imidacloprid/permetrin spot on)
28
Pathogenesis of DKA?
Lack of insulin leads to increased lipolysis releasing FFAs from adipose tissue => converted to ketones => excessive production of ketones => metabolic acidosis/ketoacidosis
29
Clinical signs of DKA?
Anorexia, lethargy, vomiting
30
Diagnosis of DKA?
Hyperglycaemia, glucosuria, ketonuria and metabolic acidosis, hyponat and hypokal
31
Tx of DKA?
Fluid therapy, correction of electrolytes imbalances and metabolic acidosis, insulin therapy with dextrose
32
DDx of anorexia/inappetance for ruminants?
1. Pericardial disease 2. Pyelonephritis 3. Listeriosis 4. Ketosis complex 5. Fatty liver syndrome 6. Chronic urolithiasis 7. Endometritis 8. Metritis 9. LDA/RDA 10. Lameness 11. Mastitis 12. Acintobacillosis (wooden tongue) 13. Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) 14. Vesicular stomatitis
33
causes andclinical signs of pyelonephritis in large animals?
Ascending infection of mainly gram -ve - coliforms, proteus, klebsiella CS Acute: pyrexia, anorexia, depression, colic, decreased milk yield, stranguria, polyuria, haematuria, pyuria Chronic: weight loss, colic, decreased milk yield, d+, PU/ anaemia
34
Diagnosis of pyelonephritis?
CS and rectal examination
35
Treatment of pyelonephritis?
Long term borad spec ABs (14-21d) oxytetracycline or pen and strep
36
Clinical signs of listeriosis?
Fever, anorexia, proprioceptive deficits, head pressing, circling
37
Dx of listeria?
Clinical suspicion and CSF tap = increased protein and WBCs
38
Treatment of listerosis?
High dose of pencillin, NSAIDs, fluid support
39
Clinical signs of wooden tongue?
BCS loss/anorexia, salviation, gentle chewing, swollen, hard tongue, lymphadenitis
40
Dx of wooden tongue?
Classical CSs
41
Treatment of wooden tongue?
Actinobacillus Strepomycin, tetracyclines, tilmicosin Iodines until iodism develops
42
Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) CS?
BCS loss through inappetence Painless, hard, immovable swelling of mandible/maxilla level of cranial molars Discharge with small amounts of pus through openings in skin
43
Treatment of lumpy jaw?
Iodine solutions Debridement and AB therapy Surgical removal NOT indicated
44
Pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis...
Wind bourne vectors, wildlife reserves
45
CS of vesicular stomatitis?
``` Anorexia, drooling, frothing Blister like lesions on oral mucosa, teats and prepuce Mastitis Decreased milk yield Lameness ```
46
Diagnosis of vesicular stomatitis?
Virus isolation on PCR, serology with rising titrs | Netralising antibody testing
47
Tx of vesicular stomatitis
Clean/disinfect feed bunks 2x daily and remove leftover food
48
DDx for anorexia/inappetance in horses?
Hyperlipaemia in shetlands Pyelonephritis Renal failure
49
CS of hyperlipaemia in horses?
Lethargy, anorexia, icterus, mild colic, D+, recumbency
50
Diagnosis of hyperlipaemia in horses?
Breed, history, triglycerides in serum => spin down blood = white
51
Treatment of hyperlipaemia in horses?
Reserve NEFA, treat hepatic disease, inhibit fat mobilisation, eliminate stress
52
Cause of renal failure in horses?
``` Mostly secondary due to hypovolaemia Primary include: Congenital Intersitial nephritis Glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, amyloidosis, neoplasia ```
53
Signs of renal failure in hroses?
Depression, anorexia, weight loss, PU/PD, oedema, D+, purexia, colic, encephalopathy
54
Urinalysis of a horse in renal failure?
Proteinuria, casts, WBCs, bacteria, haemturia, inability to concentration USG = 1.008-1.014
55
Biochemistry of horse in renal failure?
Azotaemia, hyperkal, hyponat, hypercal, hypophos
56
Treatment of a horse in renal failure?
Acute: restoring circulating volume = 0.9% NaCl, diuresis (20% mannitol and furosemide IV) Chronic: No specific treatment - supportive only, ad lib salt and water, high quality diet

...FINALS (3 decks)

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