ANOVA practice quiz

Question 1

When the assumption of sphericity is violated, what action is needed?

a) Correct the model degrees of freedom and correct the error degrees of freedom
b) Correct the model degrees of freedom
c) Correct the error degrees of freedom
d) Correct the F-ratio

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Group of ppnts do some test under 3 conditions- each ppnt does it in all three and the order is randomised to control order effects- data are continuous and normally distributed.

Which statistical test is most appropriate for analyzing these results?

a) One-way between-subjects ANOVA
b) One-way repeated-measures ANOVA
c) Kruskal-Wallis test
d) Friedmans ANOVA

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the assumption of sphericity is NOT true?

a) The assumption of sphericity is required for repeated measures ANOVA
b) Sphrecitiy refers to the equality of variances of the differences between all combinations of related groups
c) Violating the assumption of sphericity doesnt affect the results of a repeated measures ANOVA
d) When sphericity is violated, corrections like Greenhouse-Geisser or Huynh-Feldt can be applied

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the main purpose of a one-way repeated measures ANOVA?

a) To compare the means of more than 2 unrelated groups
b) To compare the means of more than 2 related groups
c) To assess the relationship between 2 variables
d) To determine variance between 2 samples

Answer 4

B

Question 5

In a repeated measures ANOVA, the same participants are measured:

a) Once in each group
b) Across different, unrelated groups
c) At one time point only
d) Multiple times under different conditions or time points

Answer 5

D

Question 6

Which assumptions is unique to one-way repeated measures ANOVA?

a) Homogeneity of variance
b) Normality of residuals
c) Sphericity
d) Independence of observations

Answer 6

C

Question 7

Which of the following is a limitation of one-way repeated measures ANOVA?

a) It cannot handle more than 2 conditions
b) It is prone to carryover effects in longitudinal designs
c) It requires normally distributed IVs
d) It assumes unequal variances between conditions

Answer 7

B

Question 8

When would you follow up a one-way repeated measures ANOVA with a post-hoc tests?

a) Only if the assumption of normality is met
b) Always, regardless of significance
c) Only if you have 2 levels in the factor
d) if the overall F-test is significant

Answer 8

D

Question 9

In a one-way repeated measures ANOVA with 4 time points, how many pairwise comparisons are possible?

a) 3
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

Answer 9

C

Question 10

In a repeated measures ANOVA, what does “within-subjects variability” refer to?

a) Differences between individual ppnts
b) Variability in scores across different conditions for the same ppnts
c) variability due to measurement error only
d) Differences between group means

Answer 10

B

Question 11

If sphericity si violated, what adjustment can be applied to the degrees of freedom

a) greenhouse-geisser or huynh-Feldt correction
b) Bonferroni correction
c) Scheffe’s method
d) Fishers LSD

Answer 11

A

Question 12

Which test is commonly used to check for violations of sphericity

a) Levenes test
b) Shapiro- Wilk tets
c) Mauchlys test
d) Tukeys HSD tets

Answer 12

C

Question 13

If Mauchlys test yields p > 0.05, what should you do?

a) Reject the null of sphericity and apply Greenhouse-Geisser correction
b) Assume sphericity is met and proceed without adjustments
c) Use a non-parametric test instead
d) Report Welchs ANOVA results

Answer 13

B

Question 14

If post-hoc tests revealp= .021 for Condition A vs. C andp= .047 for Condition B vs. C, andp= .120 for A vs. B, what is the most accurate summary?

a) Only condition A differs from C
b) All conditions differ significantly
c) Conditions A and B dont differ, but both differ from C
d) The omnibus test was likely non-significant

Answer 14

C

Question 15

What is meant by the main effect in a factorial design?

a) The combined effect of all independent variables
b) The effect of a single independent variable on the dependent variable, irrespective of any other IVs
c) The interaction between all variables
d) The effect seen in only one condition

Answer 15

B

Question 16

An interaction effect occurs when:

a) The main effects are statistically significant
b) One IV has no impact on the DV
c) The DV isnt normally distributed
d) The effect of one IV depends on the level of another

Answer 16

D

Question 17

In a 3x2 factorial design, how many IVs are there?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6

Answer 17

B

Question 18

In a 2x3 factorial design, how many main effects and interactions are possible?

a) 2 Main effects, 1 interaction
b) 3 main effects, 3 interactions
c) 2 main effects, 3 interactions
d) 1 main effect, 2 interactions

Answer 18

A

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of an ANOVA?

a) To assess relationships between 2 variables
b) To compare the means of more than 2 groups
c) To determine correlations between variables
d) To calculate standard deviation

Answer 19

B

Question 20

Which of the following is an asumption of an ANOVA?

a) Independence of observations
b) Skewed distribution of scores
c) Unequal variances across groups
d) Non-random sampling

Answer 20

A

Question 21

In a one-way between-subjects ANOVA, how many IVs are tested?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Answer 21

B

Question 22

What is the main difference between one-way between-subjects and repeated-measures ANOVA?

a) The number of dependent variables
b) The number of groups
c) Whether ppnts take part in all or only one condition
d) The level of statistical significance

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Which of the following is a key feature of a repeated measures ANOVA?

a) Each participant is tested in only one condition
b) Data is collected across different groups of people
c) Each ppnt experiences all levels of the IV
d) It requires non-parametric data

Answer 23

C

Question 24

What advantage does repeated measures ANOVA offer compared to between-subjects ANOVA?

a) Increases the number of conditions
b) Reduces carryover effects
c) Decreases error variance due to individual differences
d) Requires fewer assumptions

Answer 24

C

Question 25

What does a factorial ANOVA allow researchers to examine that a one-way ANOVA doesnt? a) Effects of random assignment b) Relationship between 2 DVs c) The interaction effects between multiple IVs d) The variance within a single condition

Answer 25

C

Question 26

In a 3x4 factorial ANOVA, how many IVs are there? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

Answer 26

2

Question 27

What does a significant interaction in a factorial ANOVA indicate? a) One IV has no effect b) The effect of one IV depends on the level of another IV c) The DV is unrelated to both IVs d) The IVs are confounded

Answer 27

B

Question 28

What does ANOVA stand for? a) Analysis of variability b) Assessment of Normality Over Various Averages c) Analysis of variance d) Average Number of Variables Analyzed

Answer 28

C

Question 28

Which test is used to check the assumption of homogeneity of variance in a factorial ANOVA? a) Shapiro-Wilk test b) Pearson correlation c) Levenes test d) Bonferroni correction

Answer 28

C

Question 29

What is the null hypothesis in an ANOVA? a) All group means are equal b) All variances are equal c) All ppnts come from the same population d) The largest mean is significantly different

Answer 29

A

Question 29

Why is ANOVA preferred over multiple t-tests? a) Its faster to calculate manually b) It reduces Type 1 error risk c) It uses medians instead of means d) It is only used with categorical data

Answer 29

B

Question 30

What does a significant F-statistic in ANOVA indicate a) There is no difference between groups b) At least one group mean differs from the others c) Variances are unequal d) The distribution is skewed

Answer 30

B

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of ANOVA? a) Normal distribution of scores b) Equal sample sizes c) Homogeneity of variances d) Independence of observations

Answer 31

B

Question 32

In a one-way between-subjects ANOVA, each ppnt is exposed to: a) All conditions b) No conditions c) One condition d) 2 or more

Answer 32

C

Question 33

What type of data is required for the DV in ANOVA? a) Nominal b) Ordinal c) Interval or ratio d) Binary

Answer 33

C

Question 34

Which post-hoc test is commonly used after a significant ANOVA result? a) Pearsons r b) Levenes test c) Turkeys HSD d) Mann-Whitney U

Answer 34

C

Question 34

What does MSw represent in ANOVA? a) Mean square within groups b) Max score weighted c) Median score of women d) Mixed sampling weight

Answer 34

A

Question 35

A large F-ratio in ANOVA typically suggests: a) No group differences b) High variability within groups c) High variability between groups d) Unequal sample sizes

Answer 35

C

Question 36

What does repeated measures design reduce? a) Power B) Time for each ppnt c) Variability due to individual differences d) Sample size requirements

Answer 36

C

Question 37

Which assumption is unique to repeated measures ANOVA? a) Homogeneity of variances b) Independence c) Sphericity d) Linearity

Answer 37

C

Question 38

Which test is used to assess the assumption of sphericity? a) Bartletts test b) Mauchlys test c) Levenes test d) Kolmogorov-Smirnov test

Answer 38

B

Question 39

What type of correction is used when sphericity is violated? a) Tukeys HSD b) Bonferroni c) Greenhouse-Geisser d) Pearson correlation

Answer 39

C

Question 40

What does a significant main effect in a repeated measures ANOVA suggest? a) Scores dont change over time b) Manipulation had no effect c) At least one time point differs significantly d) The within-subjects factor isnt meaningful

Answer 40

C

Question 41

A 2x3 factorial design has how many total conditions? a) 2 b) 3 c) 5 d) 6

Answer 41

6

Question 42

What is meant by a main effect in a factorial ANOVA? a) Effect of all independent variables combined b) The interaction between 2 variables c) The effect of one independent variable on the DV ignoring the other IV d) The error term in the model

Answer 42

C

Question 43

What does an interaction effect suggest? a) Group sizes are unequal b) The effect of one IV changes depending on another IV c) The model is underpowered d) Ppnts were randomly assigned

Answer 43

B

Question 44

In a factorial ANOVA, what does a simple effect analysis examine? a) The total number of ppnts b) One IV while holding the other constant c) Homogeneity of variances d) The F-ratio of the overall test

Answer 44

B

Question 45

What visual pattern in a line graph usually indicates an interaction effect? a) Flat horizontal lines b) Lines with the same slope c) Lines that cross or diverge d) Lines that are parallel

Answer 45

C