ANS

Question 1

What structures are considered viscera

Answer 1

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands

Question 2

What is the role of GVE

Answer 2

control of the viscera

Question 3

What is the role of GVA

Answer 3

sensory return from the viscera

Question 4

What cell bodies are included in the ANS

Answer 4

cell bodies and axons of both GVE and GVA

Question 5

How many neurons are used in GVEs

Answer 5

two

Question 6

Where are the two neurons of GVE

Answer 6

Preganglionic is in CNS

postganglionic is in motor ganglion

Question 7

What is a ganglion

Answer 7

collection of cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 8

What is the embryological origin of ganglia

Answer 8

NCC

Question 9

How do GVA axons travel throughout the body

Answer 9

course with GVE axons

Question 10

How do autonomic axons travel

Answer 10

pre-existing pathways

Question 11

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

parasympathetic

sympathetic

Question 12

Where are sympathetics found

Answer 12

they go everywhere superficial and deep

Question 13

What is sympathetic nervous system responsible for

Answer 13

fight or flight

Question 14

Where is the sympathetic chain found

Answer 14

base of skull to the tip of the coccyx

Question 15

What type of axons are found in white rami and what levels are they seen

Answer 15

preganglionic neurons

T1-L2

Question 16

What type of axons are found in gray rami and what levels are they seen

Answer 16

postganglionic neurons
every level (all 31 spinal cord levels)

Question 17

Where are preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies found

Answer 17

IML of T1-L2

Question 18

What are the 3 patterns of distribution of sympathetic axons

Answer 18

Ascending
Descending
To the body wall

Question 19

What anterior roots contain sympathetic GVE axons

Answer 19

T1-L2

Question 20

Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic GVE in ascending neurons

Answer 20

T1-T7

Question 21

Where will organs of the head, neck, and thoracic cavity receive sympathetic innervation from

Answer 21

directly from the sympathetic chain via visceral nerves

Question 22

Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic GVE in descending neurons

Answer 22

T5-L2

Question 23

How will descending postganglionic sympathetic neurons distribute to the gut

Answer 23

on blood vessels

Question 24

How will organs of the abdominal-pelvic cavity receive postganglionic sympathetic axons

Answer 24

pre-aortic ganglia

Question 25

How do viscero-somatic reflexes occur

Answer 25

GVA returns the pain information from the organ back to the spinal cord, can cause somatic changes leading to reflex and somatic dysfunction at the same level

Question 26

Where are the cell bodies of GVA axons

Answer 26

posterior ganglion (DRG)

Question 27

What types of nerve fibers do main nerve trunks contain

Answer 27

GSE, GSA | GVE, GVA

Question 28

What type of nerve fibers do motor branches contain

Answer 28

GSE GSA GVE GVA

Question 29

What is the function of GSE

Answer 29

innervate skeletal muscle

Question 30

What is the function of GSA

Answer 30

innervate sensory receptors in muscle

Question 31

What are types of sensory receptors

Answer 31

msucle spindles | golgi tendon organs

Question 32

What is function of GVE and GVA

Answer 32

sympathetic axons innervate smooth muscle in blood vessels

Question 33

What types of nerve fibers do cutaneous branches contain

Answer 33

GSA | GVE/GVA

Question 34

What is the function of GSA in cutaneous nerves

Answer 34

give rise to sensory receptors in the skin

Question 35

What is the function of GVE and GVA in cutaneous nerves

Answer 35

innervate smooth muscle in blood vessels, glands, and arrector pili muscles

Question 36

What is parasympathetic function

Answer 36

rest and digest

Question 37

Where do parasympathetics distribute

Answer 37

only to deep structures

Question 38

Where do parasympathetics not go to

Answer 38

Skin

Question 39

Where do parasympathetics originate from

Answer 39

Cranial sacral regions of CNS

Question 40

What are the Cranial nerves

Answer 40

CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10

Question 41

Where are parasympathetic ganglia found

Answer 41

wall of the organ

Question 42

Where are preganglionic cell bodies of parasympathetics found

Answer 42

IML-like area in sacral regions of the spinal cord

Question 43

Where will GVAs be found in parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 43

same level as GVE

Question 44

What is a viscerotome

Answer 44

segmental innervation of the viscera

Question 45

What is the viscerotome for head and thoracic organs

Answer 45

T1-T2

Question 46

What is the viscerotome for intestines, stomach

Answer 46

T5-9

Question 47

What is the viscerotome for pelvic organs

Answer 47

L1-L2

Question 48

What leads to referred pain

Answer 48

somatic: sharp and localized | Visceral dull and poorly localized

Question 49

Where does referred pain for the heart appear

Answer 49

left chest and UE

Question 50

Where does referred pain for esophagus appear

Answer 50

sternum

Question 51

Where does referred pain for liver and gallbladder appear

Answer 51

right neck and shoulder

Question 52

Where does referred pain for stomach appear

Answer 52

overlying stomach and posteriorly on mid thoracic

Question 53

Where does referred pain for pancreas appear

Answer 53

epigastric region and posteriorly on left flank

Question 54

Where does referred pain for gallbladder alone show

Answer 54

Right hypochondriac region wrapping around posteriorly

Question 55

Where does referred pain for spleen appear

Answer 55

Left hypochondriac region wrapping around posteriorly

Question 56

Where does referred pain for liver appear

Answer 56

right hypochondriac region and wrapping around

Question 57

Where does referred pain for jujunum, ileum, and appendix appear

Answer 57

umbilicus

Question 58

Where does the bladder referred pain show

Answer 58

suprapubic region

Question 59

Where does referred pain for large intestine show

Answer 59

suprapubic region