ANS

Question 1

ANS

Answer 1

Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Subconscious.

Question 2

Sympathetic

Answer 2

Fight of flight. Mobilizes body during activity. Exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment.

Question 3

Parasympathetic

Answer 3

Rest and Digest. Runs day to day activity. Digestion, diuresis, defecation. Promotes maintenance functions and conserves energy. III, VII, IX, and X

Question 4

Somatic motor neurons

Answer 4

Release ACh, always stimulatory

Question 5

Preganglionic fibers

Answer 5

Release ACh, stimulatory or inhibitory

Question 6

Postganglionic fibers

Answer 6

Release nonrepinephrine or ACh, stimulatory or inhibitory

Question 7

Preganglionic Neuron

Answer 7

In CNS, thin & lightly myelinated preganglionic axon extends to ganglion

Question 8

Postganglionic Neuron

Answer 8

Outside CNS, cell body synapses with preganglionic axon with nonmyelinated post ganglionic axon that extends to effector

Question 9

Duel Innervation

Answer 9

All visceral organs are served by bother divisions, but the divisions cause opposite effects. One activates, other slows it down. Yin and yang effect.

Question 10

Parasympathetic Fibers Origin

Answer 10

Brain and sacral spinal cord

Question 11

Sympathetic Fibers Origin

Answer 11

Thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord

Question 12

Length of Parasympathetic fibers

Answer 12

Long preganglionic and short postganglionic

Question 13

Length of Sympathetic fibers

Answer 13

Short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers

Question 14

Parasympathetic Ganglia location

Answer 14

In/near visceral effector organ

Question 15

Sympathetic Ganglia location

Answer 15

Lie close to spinal cord

Question 16

Visceral Sensory Neurons

Answer 16

Send info about chemical changes, stretch, temp, and irritation of viscera. Free nerve endings throughout viscera.

Question 17

Cholinergic Receptors

Answer 17

Nicotinic or muscarinic. Bind ACh.

Question 18

Nicotinic Receptors

Answer 18

ACh is always stimulatory on these. Found on postganglionic neurons, sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells at neuromuscular junction.

Question 19

Muscarinic Receptors

Answer 19

Found on effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers. ACh is inhibitory or excitatory depending on receptor type.

Question 20

Adrenergic Receptors

Answer 20

Respond to norepinephrine or epinephrine. Alpha receptors a1 and a2, beta recepetors b1, b2, and b3. Effect depends on receptor.

Question 21

ACh released by…

Answer 21

Cholinergic fibers at ANS preganglionic axons and parasympathetic postganglionic axons & sweat glands.

Question 22

Norepinephrine released by…

Answer 22

Adrenergic fibers at sympathetic postganglionic axons.

Question 23

Sympathetic Tone

Answer 23

BP constantly being monitored/fixed. If BP drops, sympathetic fibers fire faster. If BP rises, sympathetic fibers fire less.

Question 24

Parasympathetic Tone

Answer 24

Continuous monitoring/movement of heart, smooth muscle of digestive and urinary tract, and glands.

Question 25

Sympathetic Division

Answer 25

Sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and blood vessels. Thermoregulation, metabolic effects, and release of renin from kidneys to elevate blood pressure.

Question 26

Parasympathetic effects...

Answer 26

Short-lived and highly localized control

Question 27

Sympathetic effects...

Answer 27

Longer-lasting and body-wide effects

Question 28

Autonomic Neuropathy

Answer 28

Damage to autonomic nerves. Causes problems with dry mouth, sweating, urinary problems, and digestion.

Question 29

How ANS is controlled

Answer 29

Under control of the CNS's brain stem, spinal cord, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex. Hypothalamus is BIG, main integrative center.