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ANS Flashcards

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1
Q

Parasympathetic Pre-Ganglionic neurons leave the CNS via:

A
  • Cranial Nerves
  • Sacral Nerves
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2
Q

Location of Parasympathetic Ganglion:

A

Located at/near the target organ (contains ell bodies of post-ganglionic neurons)

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3
Q

Sympathetic Pre-Ganglionic neurons leave the CNS via the:

A
  • Thoracic Level
  • Lumbar Level
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4
Q

Location of Sympathetic Ganglion:

A

Located in sympathetic chain ganglion (paravertebral columns)

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5
Q

Sympathetic Chain

A

Collection of ganglia next to the vertebral column

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6
Q

Pathway of Sympathetic Fibers

A

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers leave spinal cord –> synapse on dendrites/cell bodies of post-ganglionic neurons –> axons of post-ganglionic neurons go to their target organ and synapse there

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7
Q

What NT is released from both Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Pre-Ganglionic Neurons?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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8
Q

Receptor on both Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Post-Ganglionic Neuron:

A

Nicotinic Receptor

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9
Q

The ____ has the specific connections to control the ANS and many __-___ cell bodies are located there.

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pre-Ganglionic
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10
Q

Location of Nicotinic Cholinergic Channels

A

Dendrites of the post-ganglionic neurons (in whatever ganglia) used by the system

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11
Q

Effect of Nicotinic Cholinergic Channels

A
  • Binding of ACh opens the channel on post-ganglionic neuron
  • Na+ enters the cell
  • Typical EPSP
  • Generation of APs on post-ganglionic neuron
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12
Q

The En-Passant Synapse

A
  • Found at the synapse between post-ganglionic axons in the ANS and the target organ
  • Contains swellings on post-ganglionic neuron; same machinery found in pre-synaptic terminal (ex. mitochondria, vesicles with NTs)
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13
Q

Parasympathetic Post-Ganglionic Axon Synapse on Target Tissue:

A
  • NT: ACh
  • Receptor on Target Tissue: Muscarinic
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14
Q

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors

A
  • Increase IP3/DAG –> increase intracellular Ca2+ via Gq/11 activation
  • 3 types found in the CNS: M1R, M3R, M5R
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15
Q

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor: M1R

A
  • Found in CNS
  • When activated in salivary glands, increase secretion
  • When activated in stomach, increase acid secretion
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16
Q

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor: M3R

A
  • When activated on smooth muscle, contractions
  • When activated on exocrine glands (including sweat glands), increase secretion
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17
Q

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor: M5R

A

Found in CNS, not ANS

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18
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

A
  • Inhibit adenylyl cyclase –> decreases cAMP
  • Two types: M2R, M4R
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19
Q

Muscarinic Receptors: M2R

A

Found in cardiac conduction system: allows K+ efflux and slows conduction

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20
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Gq/11 coupled
  • Lead to increased Ca2+ intracellularly
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21
Q

Location of Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Smooth muscle of blood vessels (contraction)
  • Smooth muscle of urinary and reproductive tracts
  • Liver (glycogenolysis; gluconeogenesis)
  • Adipose tissue (lipolysis)
  • Lacrimal glands (reduced watery secretion)
  • Radial muscle of iris (contraction of muscle leads to dilation of pupil)
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22
Q

Alpha 2 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Gi/o couple
  • Lead to decreased adenylate cyclase/cAMP
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23
Q

Location of Alpha 2 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Majority are pre-synaptic and reduce NE release
  • GI sphincters (relaxation)
  • Pancrease (increased glucagon, decreased insulin)
  • Smooth muscle of blood vessels (dilation)
  • Platelets (increased clotting)
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24
Q

Beta 1 Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • Gs coupled
  • Lead to increased adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production
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25
Location of Beta 1 Adrenergic Receptors
- Cardiac Tissue: SA Node = increased heart rate, Ventricular muscle = increased strength of contraction - Salivary glands (increased viscous secretion) - Adipose Tissue (increased lipolysis)
26
Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptors
- Gs coupled - Lead to increased adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production
27
Location of Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptors
- Bronchiole smooth muscle (relaxation) - GI smooth muscle (relaxation) - Urinary/reproductive smooth muscle (relaxation) - Vascular smooth muscle (relaxation) - Liver (glycogenolysis) - Eye (relaxation of ciliary muscles which flattens lens and increases ability to see far away)
28
Beta 3 Adrenergic Receptors
- Gs coupled - Lead to increased adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production
29
Location of Beta 3 Receptors
- White adipose tissue (lipolysis) - Brown adipose tissue (heat production)
30
Some sympathetic preganglionic axons pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing on post-ganglionic neurons and instead travel to the:
Adrenal Medulla
31
Chromaffin Cells
- Located in adrenal medulla; preganglionic neurons synapse on these cells - Make and release Epi as part of the sympathetic response
32
What NT is released from the Adrenal Gland?
Epinephrine
33
What receptors does Epinephrine from the Adrenal Gland bind to?
Adrenergic receptors on target cells
34
HEART - Sympathetic Receptors (1) SA Node/Heart Rate (2) AV Node Conduction (3) Strength of Contraction
(1) Beta 1 Receptors (2) Beta 1 Receptors (3) Beta 1 Receptors
35
SA Node/Heart Rate: Function of Beta1 Receptor
Increased HR
36
AV Node Conduction: Function of Beta1 Receptor
Increased conduction velocity
37
Strength of Contraction: Function of Beta1 Receptor
Increased strength of contraction
38
HEART - Parasympathetic Receptors (1) SA Node/Heart Rate (2) AV Node Conduction (3) Strength of Contraction
(1) M2 (2) M2 (3) M3
39
SA Node/Heart Rate: Function of M2 Receptor
Decreased HR
40
AV Node Conduction: Function of M2 Receptor
Decreased conduction velocity (allows ventricles time to fill)
41
Strength of Contraction: Function of M3 Receptor
*ONLY IN ATRIA - Decreased contractile strenght
42
No effect of ______ stimulation on the ventricles directly
Parasympathetic
43
Vasculature of Skin & Gut: Sympathetic Receptor
Alpha1
44
Vasculature of Skin & Gut: Function of Alpha1 Receptor
Increased contraction --> vasoconstriction --> decreased blood flow
45
Vasculature of Skeletal Muscle: Sympathetic Receptors
Beta2 and Alpha1 - brain can selectively choose which receptor to activate; NE from adrenal medulla can selectively activate these too
46
Vasculature of Skeletal Muscle: Functions of Beta2 and Alpha1 Receptors
- Beta2 Receptor: decreased contraction --> vasodilation --> increased blood flow - Alpha1 Receptor: increased contraction --> vasoconstriction --> decreased blood flow
47
____ system does not have any direct effect in arterial vasculature
Parasympathetic
48
Bronchiole Smooth Muscle: Sympathetic Receptor
Beta2
49
Bronchiole Smooth Muscle: Parasympathetic Receptor
M3
50
Bronchiole Smooth Muscle: Function of Beta2 Receptor
Relaxation --> Bronchodilate
51
Bronchiole Smooth Muscle: Function of M3 Receptor
Increased contraction --> Bronchoconstriction
52
Smooth Muscle Walls of GI Tract: Sympathetic Receptors
Alpha1 and Beta2
53
Smooth Muscle Walls of GI Tract: Functions of Alpha1 and Beta2 Receptors
Relaxation --> decreased motility
54
Smooth Muscle Walls of GI Tract: Parasympathetic Receptor
M3
55
Smooth Muscle Walls of GI Tract: Function of M3 Receptor
Increased contraction --> increased motility
56
Smooth Muscle Sphincters of GI Tract: Sympathetic Receptors
Alpha1 and Alpha2
57
Smooth Muscle Sphincters of GI Tract: Function of Alpha1 and Alpha2 Receptors
Increased constriction --> decreased passage
58
Smooth Muscle Sphincters of GI Tract: Parasympathetic Receptor
M Receptor
59
Smooth Muscle Sphincters of GI Tract: Function of M Receptor
Relaxation --> increased passage
60
GI Tract Saliva Secretion: Sympathetic Receptor
Beta1
61
GI Tract Saliva Secretion: Function of Beta1 Receptor
Decreased H2O secretion with increased enzyme secretion (= dry mouth)
62
GI Tract Saliva Secretion: Parasympathetic Receptor
M1
63
GI Tract Saliva Secretion: Function of M1 Receptor
Increased H20 Secretion
64
Is there sympathetic stimulation of gastric acid secretion and pancreatic secretion?
NO -- Parasympathetic only
65
GI Tract Gastric Acid Secretion - Parasympathetic (1) Receptors (2) Function of Receptors
(1) M1, M3 (2) Increased secretion of acids (requires gastrin and histamine)
66
GI Tract Pancreatic Secretion - Parasympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) M3 (2) Increased secretion
67
Bladder Detrusor Muscle Wall - Sympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) Beta2 (2) Increased relaxation --> reduced need to urinate
68
Bladder Detrusor Muscle Wall - Parasympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) M3 (2) Increased contraction --> urination
69
Bladder Sphincter - Sympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) Alpha1 (2) Increased contraction --> decreased probability of urinating
70
Bladder Sphincter - Parasympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) M (2) Relaxation --> allows urination
71
Male Genitalia - Sympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) Alpha2 (2) Ejaculation
72
Male Genitalia - Parasympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) M (2) Erection
73
What muscle of the Eye (iris) doesn't have sympathetics?
Circular Muscle
74
What muscle of the Eye (iris) doesn't have parasympathetics?
Radial Muscles
75
Eye Radial Muscle (Iris) - Sympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) Alpha1 (2) Increased contraction --> dilate pupil
76
Eye Ciliary Muscle (Lens) - Sympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) Beta2 (2) Relaxation --> Lens thinner (decreases bend of light rays which allows you to see further away)
77
Eye Ciliary Muscle (Lens) - Parasympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) M (2) Increased contraction --> Lens rounder (increases bend of light rays which allows you to see close up)
78
Skin has ___ but not ___
- Sympathetics - Parasympathetics
79
Skin Sweat Glands (Thermoregulatory) - Sympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) M3 (2) Increased sweating
80
Skin Sweat Glands (Stress) - Sympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) Alpha (2) Localized increase in secretion; has a stronger odor b/c is more potent
81
Skin Piloerector Muscles - Sympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) Alpha1 (2) Contraction (goose bumps)
82
Lacrimal Glands only have ___
Parasympathetics
83
Lacrimal Glands - Parasympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) M (2) Increased secretion
84
Liver only has ___
Sympathetics
85
Liver - Sympathetic (1) Receptors (2) Function of Receptors
(1) Alpha1 and Beta2 (2) Increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis --> increased glucose released into blood
86
Adipose Tissue only has ___
Sympathetics
87
Adipose Tissue - Sympathetic (1) Receptors (2) Function of Receptors
(1) Beta1 and Beta3 (2) Increased lipolysis --> increased FFA in blood
88
Kidney only has ___
Sympathetics
89
Kidney - Sympathetic (1) Receptor (2) Function of Receptor
(1) Beta1 (2) Control of blood flow within kidney

NE Exam 3 (9 decks)

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