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Pharmacology 1 > ANS and Essentials > Flashcards

ANS and Essentials Flashcards

1
Q

The parasympathetic system is the ____ of the car except for _____, ______, and _____ systems

A

brakes
GI
bladder
defecation

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2
Q

To stimulate the heart you can either _____ parasympathetic or ____ sympathetic

A

decrease parasympathetic

increase sympathetic

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3
Q

Parasympathetic is also referred to as ____

Sympathetic is also referred to as ____

A

Cholinergic

Adrenergic

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4
Q

“-mimetc” is what

“-lytic” is what

A

mimic

oppose

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5
Q

Define and give the 4 equivalencies of parasympatholytic drugs

A
  • inhibits parasympathetic
  • stimulates sympathetic
  • anticholinergic
  • adrenergic
  • sympathomimetric
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6
Q

Define and give the 4 equivalencies of parasympathmimetic drugs

A
  • stimulates parasympathetic
  • inhibits sympathetic
  • cholinergic
  • antiadrenergic
  • sympatholytic
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7
Q

____ is used at the presynaptic/postsynaptic neuron junction for:
skeletal
parasympathetic
sympathetic

A

Ach for all

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8
Q

____ is used at the postsynaptic/organ junction for:
skeletal
parasympathetic
sympathetic

A

Ach
Ach
NE / Epi

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9
Q

How is the adrenal gland special?

A

presynaptic neuron synapses directly with the adrenal gland, stimulating relase of NE and Epi

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10
Q

Ach binds to ___ receptors

NE and Epi bind to ___ receptors

A

nicotinic, muscarinic

adrenergic

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11
Q

Which system is responsible for miosis?

A

(contracting pupil) parasympathetic

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12
Q

Which system is responsible for mydriasis?

A

(dilating pupil) sympathetic

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13
Q

Which system is responsible for converting liver glycogen to glucose?

A

sympathetic

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14
Q

___ is the master NT for skeletal and smooth muscle

A

Ach

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15
Q

T OR F

many drugs interfere with nicotinic receptors

A

FALSE that would cause chaos

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16
Q

Where do most drugs interfere?

A

postsynapse neuron and muscle junction

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17
Q

Which agents “make you wet?

A

Cholinergic Ach (parasympathetic)

  • GI stimulation, saliva, bile, mucus, defecation, urine, lacrimation
18
Q

Which agents “make you dry”

A

Anticholinergic agents

  • inhibits GI, saliva, mucus, bile, urine, defecation
19
Q

____ agents are highly sedating

A

anticholinergic

20
Q

NE binds to all receptors that epi does except ___

A

Beta 2

21
Q

Alpha 1 does

A

vasculature

S: vasoconstrict
B: vasodilate

22
Q

Beta 1 does

A

heart (1 heart)

S: tachycardia
B: bradycardia

23
Q

Beta 2 does

A

lungs, vasculature

S: bronchodilates, vasodilates
B: bronchoconstricts, vasoconstricts

24
Q

If patient presents with hypotension, what drug do you use?

A

NE, because it is more potent since it does not bind B2 receptors.

Epi binds to A1 and B2 so vasoconstricts but also blunts itself by vasodilating

25
Q

Why use epi pen not NE?

A

NE bronchoconstricts, will kill you

26
Q

(high/low) PPB drugs are less filtered by the kidney

A

highly

27
Q

Big drugs are poorly soluble and more likely to be administered _____ and are (easy/difficult) to filter in kidney

A

parentral-only

difficult

28
Q

If you want to keep an acidic drug out of urine, drink ___

A

vinegar (acid/acid is lipid soluble so liver not kidney)

29
Q

T OR F

what a receptor does is not determined by its location

A

FALSE (serotonin in the brain does not equal serotonin in platelets)

30
Q

Does the kidney like proteins? Why?

A

NO! they punch holes in glomerulus

31
Q

What is urea?

A

2 amines (from protein) + 1 ketone, it becomes urine when you pee

32
Q

What leads to encephalopathy?

A

too many amines in the CNS

NH3 ammonia mimics GABA

33
Q

the CNS is hydro/lipophilic?

A

lipophilic

34
Q

viruses replicate _____, bacteria replicate _____

A 
intracellularly
extracellularly (unless atypical)
35
Q

Aldosterone likes ___, hates ____

A

likes sodium

hates potassium

36
Q

Aldosterone causes you to retain ___ and excrete ___

A

retain Na

excrete K

37
Q

Why use dirty drugs? What harm?

A

cheap, many indications, or if no smart drug is available.

bad because not site specific and there is collateral damage

38
Q

Give example of good dirty drug

A

TCAs

39
Q

GABA is a ____ NT

A

inhibitory

40
Q

If you want to alkalinize the urine so proteins can not precipitate in kidneys, treat with ___

A

sodium bicarb

Pharmacology 1 (5 decks)

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