ANS-CVS 1

Question 2

where does sympathetic nerves arise?

Answer 2

emerge from thoracic area of spine

Question 3

where does parasympathetic nerves arise?

Answer 3

from cranial nerves and lumbar sacral areas of spine

Question 4

length of pre and postsynaptic nerve for sympathetic nerves

Answer 4

pre: short
post: long
ganglion: inside sympathetic chain

Question 5

length of pre and postsynaptic nerve for parasympathetic nerves

Answer 5

pre: long
post: short
ganglion: in wall of organ/tissue

Question 6

explain somatic nerve

Answer 6

• supply skeletal muscle
• no ganglions

Question 7

main neurotransmitters in ANS?

Answer 7

Ach and NE

Question 8

what organ/tissue in sympathetic pathway with no postsynaptic fibre?

Answer 8

adrenal gland

Question 9

what sympathetic pathway that include both Ach and NE

Answer 9

pathway to smooth mucle, cardiac cells and gland cells to contract

Question 10

functions of parasympathetic

Answer 10

• SLUDD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defeacation)- anabolic, conserves and stores energy

Question 11

functions of sympathetic

Answer 11

• fight or flight- catabolic, mobilises energy, raise BP and body temperature, dilates airways etc

Question 12

non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurotransmitter

Answer 12

• nitric oxide- serotonin- ATP- GABA- dopamine- purines- neuropeptide

Question 13

general sequence of neurotransmitter

Answer 13

1. synthesis2. storage3. release4. recognition5. reuptake/metabolism

Question 14

Ach synthesis by

Answer 14

choline acetyltranferase

Question 15

hydrolysis of Ach by

Answer 15

acetylcholine esterase

Question 16

choline reuptake by

Answer 16

Na+ driven symport

Question 17

types of Ach receptors

Answer 17

• nicotinic (Nm and Nn)- muscarinic ( M1, M2, M3)

Question 18

explain nicotinic receptors

Answer 18

1. muscle-type and nerve-type2. cause membrane depolarization3. role in neuromuscular junction (skeletal) and ganglionic transmission (nerve)

Question 19

explain muscarinic M1

Answer 19

1. in CNS, ganglia, gastric, parietal cells2. increase IP3, DAG (excitation)3. role in memory CNS, gastric acid secretion, GI motility

Question 20

explain muscarinic M2

Answer 20

1. in cardiac conducting tissue and presynaptic terminals2. decrease CAMP (inhibition)3. role in cardiac, presynaptic and neural inhibition

Question 21

explain muscarinic M3

Answer 21

1. exocrine gland, smooth muscle and blood vessels2. increase IP3, DAG (excitation)3. role in secretion, SM contraction, vasodilatation

Question 22

cholinoceptor agonists

Answer 22

• acetylcholine- carbachol- methacholine- bethanechol

Question 23

cholinoceptor agonist that do not hydrolyse by AchE

Answer 23

bethanecol

Question 24

Nicotinic muscular type agonist

Answer 24

• Ach- suxamethonium- decamethonium

Question 25

nicotinic muscular type antagonist

Answer 25

• vecuronium- pancuronium

Question 26

nicotinic nerve type agonist

Answer 26

- Ach- nicotine- epibatidine

Question 27

nicotinic nerve type antagonist

Answer 27

- trimetaphan- hexamethonium

Question 28

AchE can be block by

Answer 28

serine occlusion

Question 29

products of hydrolysis of AchE are

Answer 29

- choline- acetic acid- regenerated enzyme

Question 30

reuptake of NA is blocked by

Answer 30

- cocaine- tricyclic antidepressants

Question 31

adrenoceptor B1

Answer 31

1. in heart, intestine, smooth muscle2. increase cAMP3. increase BP

Question 32

adrenoceptor B2

Answer 32

1. In bronchial, vascular and uterine smooth muscle2. bronchodilation, vasodilation, uterine SM3. increase cAMP

Question 33

adrenoceptor A1

Answer 33

1. postsynaptic 2. increase IP3, DAG3. increase BP4. cause vasoconstriction

Question 34

adrenoceptor A2

Answer 34

1. presynaptic2. decrease cAMP

Question 35

a adrenoreceptors agonist specificity

Answer 35

noradrenaline \> adrenaline \> isoprenaline

Question 36

b adrenoreceptors agonist specificity

Answer 36

isoprenaline \>\> adrenaline \> noradrenaline

Question 37

a adrenoreceptors antagonist specificity

Answer 37

phentolamine

Question 38

b adrenoreceptors antagonist specificity

Answer 38

propanalol

Question 39

actions of NA terminated by when

Answer 39

1. reuptake into nerve terminal2. dilution and diffusion from cleft and uptake at non-neuronal sites3. metabolic transformation

Question 40

enzymes important in biotransformation of cathecholamines

Answer 40

1. COMT (cathecol-0-methyl transferase)2. MAO (monoamine oxidase)