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ANS - Jensen Flashcards

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1
Q

3 Parasympathomimetic muscarinic agonists

A

Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Pilocarpine

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2
Q

unique features of Acetylcholine

A

rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases

quaternary ammonium

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3
Q

actions/uses of Acetylcholine

A

cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscle action, miotic (open angle glaucoma), limited therapeutic use, limited distribution (short half life)

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4
Q

unique features of Bethanechol

A

not metabolized by esterase enzymes (longer half life), quaternary ammonium compound
affinity for gut and bladder SM

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5
Q

uses of Bethanechol (urecholine)

A

gastroparesis (post operative)
urinary retention
xerostomia
ocular diagnostics

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6
Q

unique features of Pilocarpine

A

tertiary ammonium compound
resistant to esterases
made from plant Pilocarpus jaborundi

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7
Q

actions/uses of Pilocarpine

A

miosis and accommodation
CNS effects
diaphoresis side effects
long duration

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8
Q

which of the parasympathomimetic muscarinic agonists have quaternary ammonium compounds

A

Acetylcholine

Bethanechol

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9
Q

which of the parasympathomimetic muscarinic agonists are resistant to esterases

A

Pilocarpine

Bethanechol

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10
Q

What are the 2 parasympathomimetic cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Neostigmine

Malathione

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11
Q

unique features of Neostigmine

A

quaternary ammonium compound
contains ester group (slowly hydrolyzed)
poorly absorbed

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12
Q

actions/uses of Neostigmine

A

miosis
narrow angle glaucoma
myesthenia gravis

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13
Q

unique features Malathione

A

tertiary ammonium compound
not hydrolyzed by esterase enzymes
insectaside
highly toxic

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14
Q

which parasympathomimetic cholinesterase inhibitor is reversible

A

Neostigmine

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15
Q

which parasympathomimetic cholinesterase inhibitor is irreversible

A

Malathione

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16
Q

what are the three parasympatholytic muscarinic receptor antagonists

A

atropine
ipratropium
scopolamine

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17
Q

what is the only therapeutically useful alternative to inhibit the PNS?

A

antagonize muscarinic receptors

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18
Q

if you want to mimic the PNS what are the two therapeutically useful ways to do so?

A

stimulate muscarinic receptors

prevent breakdown of ACh

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19
Q

benchmark parasympathetic response of iris of eye

A

miosis

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20
Q

benchmark parasympathetic response in arterioles

A

vasodilation

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21
Q

benchmark parasympathetic response in heart

A

negative chronotropic and neg. inotropic responses

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22
Q

benchmark parasympathetic response in bronchial SM

A

bronchoconstriction

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23
Q

benchmark parasympathetic response in GI and urinary tract

24
Q

Beta 1 stimulation of heart causes

Study These Flashcards
A

positive inotropic and pos. chronotropic responses

25
Beta 2 stimulation of bronchus causes
bronchodilation
26
Beta 2 stimulation of myometrium causes
relaxation of myometrium
27
Beta 2 stimulation of pancreas caues
insulin release
28
Alpha 1 stimulation of arterioles causes
vasoconstriction
29
Alpha 1 stimulation of radial muscle of iris causes
mydriasis
30
Alpha 2 stimulation reduces what?
norepinephrine release
31
unique features atropine
from atropa belladona tertiary ammonium compound metabolized in liver
32
actions/uses of Atropine
inhibit SLUD mydriasis and cycloplegia antidote to AchE inhibitors Rx diarrhea
33
unique features Ipratropium (Atrovent)
quaternary ammonium compound
34
actions/uses of Ipratropium
bronchodilation
35
unique features Scopolamine
from Hyocyaus niger
36
uses/actions of Scopolamine
greater CNS disturbance than atropine used less frequently than atropine motion sickness
37
what are the three therapeutically useful methods of mimicking the sympathetic nervous system?
stimulate adrenergic receptors promote release of norepi prevent elimination of norepi
38
unique features of epinephrine
stimulate alpha and beta receptors (more beta, less alpha than norepi) metabolized in gut, blood and tissues
39
uses/actions of epinephrine
ineffective orally (bc metabolized in gut) used in cardiac emergencies bronchospasm adjunct to local anesthesia
40
unique features of Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine)
alpha 1 agonist (--> constriction of arteriole) effective orally limited CNS access OTC
41
uses/actions of Phenylephrine
nasal decongestant | mydriatic (good for conjunctivitis)
42
side effects of Phenylephrine
rebound congestion increased peripheral resistance reflex bradycardia
43
unique features of Clonidine
``` alpha 2 agonist (stimulates adrenergic receptors and reduces norepi release) effective orally crosses BBB CNS alpha preference long half life ```
44
uses/actions of Clonidine
centrally acting antihypertensive
45
side effects of Clonidine
dry mouth sedation sexual dysfunction
46
unique features of Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
beta receptor agonist (1 &2) metabolized by COMT short duration of action
47
uses/actions of Isoproterenol
``` cardiac arrest tachycardia bronchodilator selective vasodilation limited cardiac effect ```
48
unique features of Albuterol (Ventolin)
beta 2 agonist limited cardiovascular effects lasts several hours
49
uses/actions of Albuterol
bronchodilator
50
unique features of Amphetamine
stimulate release of norepi and dopamine enteres CNS inhibits MAO
51
actions/uses of Amphetamine
alpa and beta stimulation by norepi vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, increased BP, mydriasis CNS stimulation: euphoria, insomnia, anxiety, loss of appetite, hyperthermia used to treat narcolepsy, obesity and ADHD
52
unique features of Phenelzine (Nardil)
``` monoamine oxidase inhibitor readily absorbed crosses BBB increases synaptic catecholamine levels interacts with sympathomimetics ```
53
uses of Phenelzine
antidepressant
54
what are the four sympatholytic drugs?
Prazocin (alpha antagonist) Propranolol (Beta 1 and 2 antagonist) Metoprolol (Beta 1 antagonist) Reserpine (Adrenergic depletor)
55
if you wanted to inhibit the SNS would could you do?
block adrenergic receptors | deplete stores of norepi

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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