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3080 Endocrine > ANSC 3210 ANIMAL WELFARE > Flashcards

ANSC 3210 ANIMAL WELFARE Flashcards

1
Q

<p>ANIMAL WELFARE</p>

A

<p>ANSC 3210</p>

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2
Q

<p>What are the three approaches for the scientific study of animal welfare?</p>

A

<p>1) Feelings-based 2) Functioning-based 3) Nature of species </p>

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3
Q

<p>1) Feelings-based</p>

A

<p>Animal experiences, emphasize reduction of negative feelings and promote positive ones</p>

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4
Q

<p>How do we moniter feelings-based?</p>

A

<p>Preferences, motivations, behavioural and physiological indicators </p>

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5
Q

<p>2) Functioning-based </p>

A

<p>health, longevity, reproductive, (heavilty debated)</p>

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6
Q

<p>3) Nature of the animal </p>

A

<p>Animal to perform full repetoire of behabiour</p>

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7
Q

<p>Why did animal welfare arise?</p>

A

<p>Not scientific orignially, arose to express ethical concerns </p>

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8
Q

<p>What does welfare refer to ?</p>

A

<p>Quality of an animals life, health, happiness, longevity</p>

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9
Q

<p>First reference to animal welfare?</p>

A

<p>Bible </p>

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10
Q

<p>Why is longevity not a satisfactory welfare measure?</p>

A

<p>McCay et al (1939) found rats with restricted intake had longer lives. Chronic hunger and inadequate nutrition increased longevity. </p>

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11
Q

<p>What did Mendl and Deag determine in 1995?</p>

A

<p>'there are significantproblemsin amalgam- atingallthe differenttypesof measures. . . into a single"welfare"currency'. </p>

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12
Q

<p>What does 'telos' mean?</p>

A

<p>Conditional rules </p>

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13
Q

<p>What are the five moral philosophies?</p>

A

<p>1) Contractarian 2) Utilitarian 3)Relational 4) Animal Rights 5) Respect for Nature</p>

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14
Q

<p>Which three will we focus on in class? </p>

A

<p>2)Utilitarian 4) Animal Rights 5) Respect for nature </p>

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15
Q

<p>Contractarian ?</p>

A

<p>Everyone acts in their own interest. "Care about welfare because the consumer cares and we want to make a profit"</p>

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16
Q

<p>Utilitarian?</p>

A

<p>Maximize animal and human well being. "Some animal research may be justified by vital importance to cure painful disease"</p>

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17
Q

<p>Relational?</p>

A

<p>Views based on relation we have with animals. "Dog is mans best friend. Dog deserves to be treated better than farm animals"</p>

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18
Q

<p>Animal Rights?</p>

A

<p>Only doing what is right. Some debate "Animals are not out slaves"</p>

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19
Q

<p>Respect for nature?</p>

A

<p>We have the duty to protect not only individual animals but the species. Do not genetically modify nature</p>

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20
Q

<p>What does our class results tell us about these philosphies?</p>

A

<p>95.8% of the class used three+ philophies, suggesting no philosphy is perfect </p>

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21
Q

<p>What are the two considered real animal welfare philosphies?</p>

A

<p>Utilitarian and Animal Rights</p>

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22
Q

<p>If you pick Utilitarian what are you picking?</p>

A

<p>You believe that the consequences of your actions are most important </p>

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23
Q

<p>If you pick Animal Rights what are you picking?</p>

A

<p>You believe that your actions themselves are most important </p>

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24
Q

<p>If you have some contractarian?</p>

A

<p>Pay attention to the effect of your actions on yourself</p>

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25
Q

<p>If you have some Relational?</p>

A

<p>Pay attention to how close you are to the animal ( horses closer than rats)</p>

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26
Q

<p>If you have some Respect for Nature?</p>

A

<p>Pay attention to the effect your actions may have on the ecosyste,. </p>

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27
Q

<p>What other university did Dr. Duncan teach at?</p>

A

<p>Pingtung in the south of Taiwan</p>

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28
Q

<p>What was surprsing about the survey results from Taiwan?</p>

A

<p>Very similar to our views even though many finacial, thical and religious differences. </p>

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29
Q

<p>What word captures the essence of ethics?</p>

A

<p>OUGHT. "how we ought to behave"</p>

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30
Q

<p>What two acts does ethical behaviour include?</p>

A

<p>Acts of commission and acts of omission</p>

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31
Q

<p>Discuss the History of Ethics</p>

A

<p>Name, year, key pints</p>

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32
Q

<p>Aristotle (384-322 BC)</p>

A

<p>The ability to reason sets humans abouve all other creatures. Everything in nature has a reason. Humans should have absolute authority over animals</p>

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33
Q

<p>Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274)</p>

A

<p>Christian twist. No direct obligations, some indirect moral obligations. No moral standing in animals only instrumental value. </p>

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34
Q

<p>Rene Descartes (1596-1650)</p>

A

<p>Animals are machines. Animals are not sentient. Unconcious emotions</p>

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35
Q

<p>Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)</p>

A

<p>Following absolute rules. </p>

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36
Q

<p>Kant and the Inquiring Murderer</p>

A

<p>Woman hiding from murder you know where she hid, murderer asks, lie about her whereabouts. Kant maintained morally obligated</p>

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37
Q

<p>OUGHT: Hypothetical Imperative</p>

A

<p>Tell us what do do to provide desired result. If you don't want result you are not obligated. If you want better grades you ought to do the readings. Ought is a reference to a moral obligation if we want the results </p>

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38
Q

<p>OUGHT: Categorical Imperative</p>

A

<p>You ought to tell the truth. Obligations binding now matter how you personally feel </p>

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39
Q

<p>What does Kant say about Rationality?</p>

A

<p>It is rational for everyone to act according to categorical imperatives. Humans have intrinsic and instrumental value because we can reason. Animals cannot and therefore only have an instrumental value. </p>

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40
Q

<p>Instrumental value.</p>

A

<p>The value that something has because of what it can be used for </p>

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41
Q

<p>Intrinsic or Inherent Value</p>

A

<p>Value that something has in its own right. Only humans have intrinsic (slaves do not) </p>

42
Q

<p>Which four philosophers developed te dominaed traditional Western view of how animals should be treated. </p>

A

<p>Aritstotle, Aquinas, Descartes, Kant</p>

43
Q

<p>What is the factual claim in this Western view?</p>

A

<p>Human beings have a special attribute that makes them distinct from all other animals</p>

44
Q

<p>What is the moral claim in the Western view?</p>

A

<p>Having this special attribute makes human beings objects of direct moral concern </p>

45
Q

<p>What is the special attribute?</p>

A

<p>RATIONALITY. The ability to reason (Christian view, animals don't have immortal souls.) </p>

46
Q

<p>THE RISE OF UTILITARIANISM</p>

A

<p>Maximize animal and human well being. "Some animal research may be justified by vital importance to cure painful disease"</p>

47
Q

<p>Davide Hume (1711-1776) </p>

A

<p>Enlightenment period in Europe. Animals have a moral standing because they learn from experience. Shy away when you lift a whip if they have been beat. </p>

48
Q

<p>Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)</p>

A

<p>Consequences of actions are most important. Did more work with humans during industrial revolution. It is okay to lie if the consequence is better. Not about reason, but, Can they suffer? </p>

49
Q

<p>John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)</p>

A

<p>Great happiness principle </p>

50
Q

<p>What is the Great happiness principle?</p>

A

<p>Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they ten to produce the reverse of happiness. </p>

51
Q

<p>Happiness?</p>

A

<p>Pleasure and the the absence of pain</p>

52
Q

<p>Unhappiness?</p>

A

<p>Pain and the privation of pleasure </p>

53
Q

<p>Pete Singer (b1946) </p>

A

<p>Utilitarian approach. Welfare is highly objectionable. Father of Animal Rights. </p>

54
Q

<p>"What course of conduct promotes the greates amount of happiness for all those who will be affected?</p>

A

<p>Utilitarian</p>

55
Q

<p>What is a main principle of being a UTILITARIAN?</p>

A

<p>Everyone involved should be considered. Over-all efect. </p>

56
Q

<p>What is a similar to a net increase in happiness?</p>

A

<p>A net decrease in suffering</p>

57
Q

<p>Why is it more difficult to take a UTILITARIAN approach to animals oppose to humans?</p>

A

<p>Difficult to determine what increases happiness and what decreases suffering</p>

58
Q

<p>What are the two weaknesses of UTILITARIANISM?</p>

A

<p>Justice may not be done. Rights may be violated </p>

59
Q

<p>Justice may not be done</p>

A

<p>Letting someone take the wrong blame to prevent multiple suffering</p>

60
Q

<p>Rights may be violated</p>

A

<p>Peeping Tom . Unnoticed but he recieves pleaseure </p>

61
Q

<p>In Defence of utilitarianism. </p>

A

<p>Very resilient. Scenarios are not real life examples. Develop rules to overcome problem. So What response. </p>

62
Q

<p>ANIMAL RIGHTS</p>

A

<p>Only doing what is right. Some debate "Animals are not out slaves"</p>

63
Q

<p>Define Rights. </p>

A

<p>Things one may legally or morally claim. Being entitled to a privelge or immunity or authority act. </p>

64
Q

<p>What type of things give rights </p>

A

<p>Bills, ammendments, charter </p>

65
Q

<p>Which philisopher has similarities to the idea of 'rights'</p>

A

<p>Kant and his Categorical Imperatives </p>

66
Q

<p>I have an obligation not to use you</p>

A

<p>You have a right not to be used by me</p>

67
Q

<p>I have an obligation not to lie to you </p>

A

<p>You have a right not to be lied to by me </p>

68
Q

<p>Everyone has an obligation to treat everyone else with equal concern and respect </p>

A

<p>You have a right to equal concern and respect from everyone </p>

69
Q

<p>One of the most important names in animal rights history?</p>

A

<p>Tom Regan </p>

70
Q

<p>What did Regan say ?</p>

A

<p>Conscious beings, individual welfare, want things, we are all sentient creatures with inherent value </p>

71
Q

<p>What does Regan say the biggest harm is ?</p>

A

<p>To kill another individual </p>

72
Q

<p>Why is it difficult to combine biologist and philosophers?</p>

A

<p>Terms do not necissarly combine paths </p>

73
Q

<p>According to the rights theory can there be exceptions to the rule of "never harm"?</p>

A

<p>YES</p>

74
Q

<p>How many conditions are there to Regans do no harm?</p>

A

<p>FOUR</p>

75
Q

<p>Self-defence by the innocent</p>

A

<p>If you are being attacked you are allowed to defend yourself even if you harm another person/animal</p>

76
Q

<p>Punishment of Guilty</p>

A

<p>People who break rules may be punished even if it 'harms' deriving them of their freedom</p>

77
Q

<p>Innocent Shields</p>

A

<p>hostage situation hurt the wrong-doer and possible an innocent </p>

78
Q

<p>Innocent Threats</p>

A

<p>4 year old with a loaded gun</p>

79
Q

<p>What short comings have emerged from Regan's philopsphy?</p>

A

<p>His views dominated animal rights because he hijacked the term, also his views are taken by extremists</p>

80
Q

<p>People who fall into the category of animal rights believe in what?</p>

A

<p>Not necisarrily Regan's method but limited animal rights </p>

81
Q

<p>What falls under extreme rights?</p>

A

<p>Tom Regan, Gary Francione, Extreme view, abolitionist, do not use animals</p>

82
Q

<p>What falls under limited rights?</p>

A

<p>Gerry Tannenbaum, Lilly Russow, Moderate, welfarists, end up with utilitarians </p>

83
Q

<p>Why is inherent value foggy?</p>

A

<p>Where on the scale? Regan (1983) suggests only mammals higher than a do are ingerent</p>

84
Q

<p>Why doesn't the animal rights protect animal welfare?</p>

A

<p>Does not dictate how humans interact with animals indirectly </p>

85
Q

<p>What is the divine command?</p>

A

<p>Prescriptive (like bible) tells you what to do </p>

86
Q

<p>Weakness with divine command?</p>

A

<p>No relevance to non-believers, different gods, modern conditions</p>

87
Q

<p>Ethical egoism and Ratonal egoism</p>

A

<p>We have no moral duty except to do what is best for ourselves</p>

88
Q

<p>Agent-centered view</p>

A

<p>Suffering animals is wrong because shows character flaw with person concerned</p>

89
Q

<p>Species-integrity view</p>

A

<p>Species have value not individuals</p>

90
Q

<p>Seagull example of telos</p>

A

<p>Cannot always distiguish natural environment like the seagulls</p>

91
Q

<p>Mink example</p>

A

<p>Want to be near and in water</p>

92
Q

<p>Ethic of rverence for life</p>

A

<p>Will not kill needlessly</p>

93
Q

<p>Weakness of reverence for life</p>

A

<p>Sounds wonderful, where do we draw line, sentience not considered </p>

94
Q

<p>Panism by Richard Ryder -> coined the term 'speciesim'</p>

A

<p>Pain is only evil, moral objective to reduce pain </p>

95
Q

<p>Utilitarianism TELELOGICCAL</p>

A

<p>thory that deals with ends or final purpose, end being sought out is the greatest happiness</p>

96
Q

<p>Animal Rights DEONTOLOGICAL</p>

A

<p>throty that deals with that which is binding, deals with actions not ends </p>

97
Q

<p>What evidence is overlapping between the Utiliarianisma & Animal Rights</p>

A

<p>subject of a life, conscious, sentient, individual welfare, can suffer, want and prefer, believe and feel </p>

98
Q

<p>Animals are worthy of moral consideration. Maximize total happiness</p>

A

<p>UTILITARIAN</p>

99
Q

<p>Animals have inherent value. Do not use</p>

A

<p>ANIMAL RIGHTS</p>

100
Q

<p>In Dr. Duncan's opinion why is animal rights weak?</p>

A

<p>Ignores adverse unintentional effects of humans. I.E. altering environment, growing crops, building roads, pollution</p>

3080 Endocrine (3 decks)

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