answer key Flashcards
(51 cards)
Which of the following is NOT involved in the mechanical breakdown of food, digestion or absorption of nutrients?
Large intestine
Arrange the four basic layers of the alimentary canal from the lumen to the outermost layer.
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
The solutes contained in saliva include ________.
Electrolytes, digestive enzymes, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA
When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, the series of reactions called ________ occurs.
chemical digestion
The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called __________.
mesenteries
A doctor consulting a patient that recently has had their gall bladder removed would likely advise
Eating foods that are low in fat
Select the best explanation for why protease enzymes are secreted in inactive forms.
The cells producing inactive enzymes are themselves protected from the enzymes until they are safely within the lumen of the GI tract.
What is TRUE about cholecystokinin (CCK)?
It causes gall bladder contraction.
The function of the (hepatic) portal circulation is to
bring nutrient rich blood to the liver for processing.
The common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct enter the small intestine through the
Hepatopancreatic sphincter
Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by which enzyme?
lipase
The function of goblet cells is to ________.
produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion
Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?
Fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates
The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplishes this task?
Villi & microvilli
The secretory product that contains enzymes capable of digesting all four major food (nutrient) categories is:
Pancreatic juice
Anabolism includes reactions in which ________.
larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones
Red blood cells lack mitochondria. As a result, ATP production in RBCs is solely through ________.
glycolysis
How many net ATP molecules are formed from a single glucose molecule in the process of glycolysis?
two
At the conclusion of glycolysis, most of glucose’s chemical energy is found in the ________.
Pyruvic acid molecules
The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________.
lipolysis
Deamination of amino acids takes place in the ________.
liver
Glycogen is formed in the liver during the ________.
Absorptive state
Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized?
fats
Gender is entirely determined by
the person, sex is determines by chromosomes
