ANT 121 Final Jok

Question 1

German physicist who studied people in the Baffin Islands, “father of American Anthropology,” proponent on cultural relativism and historical particularism, and mentor to Margaret Mead

Answer 1

Franz Boas (1852-1942)

Question 2

developed and popularized the practice of participant observation, structural functionalist

Answer 2

Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942)

Question 3

studied adolescents in Samoa

Answer 3

Margaret Mead

Question 4

what is the significance of “Coming of Age in Samoa”

Answer 4

the theory of nature vs. nurture

Question 5

what are the four subfields of anthropology

Answer 5

archaeology
biological/physical
cultural/social
lingustics

Question 6

recreate past objects or activities to learn from them; the study of ancient and recent human past(s) through material remains

Answer 6

Archaelogical Anthropology

Question 7

study the biology of humans, ancient ancestors, and primates

Answer 7

Biolgical/Physical Anthropology

Question 8

study everything related to societies and culture

Answer 8

Cultural/Social Anthropology

Question 9

analyze how language reflects and shapes culture

Answer 9

Linguistic Anthropology

Question 10

the shared beliefs of, values, and behaviors of a group of people

Answer 10

Culture

Question 11

what are the three pillars of anthropology

Answer 11

evolutionism
historical particularism
structural functionalism

Question 12

emphasizes the importance of evolution in organizing information about different people, places groups of people on a singular linear evolutionary progression line

Answer 12

Evolutionism

Question 13

emphasizes the importance of history and of the particular details of how people live; culture must be understood from their own terms, with an emphasis on history

Answer 13

Historical Particularism

Question 14

emphasizes that societies were indeed structured and that the different elements of these societies had practical functions; society serves a functional purpose, and is logical on their own terms

Answer 14

Structural Functionalism

Question 15

believe in universal evolutionary stages of cultural development from primitive to complex

Answer 15

unilineal evolutionism

Question 16

humans and their cultures should be viewed as an integrated whole, not separated pieces

Answer 16

holism (E.B. Tylor)

Question 17

ceremony/event that marks the transition of one life stage into another

Answer 17

Rite of Passage

Question 18

self-aware reflection, rather than mirror the author’s culture in a descriptive work

Answer 18

reflexivity

Question 19

according to Haines, what are the three primary aspects of anthropological fieldwork

Answer 19

learn the language
live among the people for an extended period of time
prticipate when invited or allowed

Question 20

what are the four primary methods of anthropology

Answer 20

participation observation
ethnographic interviews
reflexivity
fieldwork

Question 21

partaking in the culture

Answer 21

participation observation

Question 22

asking the people about their cultures and why they do what they do

Answer 22

ethnographic interviews

Question 23

going somewhere to conduct real research

Answer 23

fieldwork

Question 24

people rely on what is available in their environment; hunters and gatherers

Answer 24

foragers

Question 25

often deal with the same plants/animals as foragers, but with increased control; domestication of plants and possibly some animals (usually pigs)

Answer 25

horticulturists

Question 26

domestication of plants, specialization of few crops that respond well to more intensive farming

Answer 26

agriculturists

Question 27

expand and reform the use of animals, usually choosing 1-2 that are hardy, herd-able, and breed-able; cattle, sheep, and goats in particular; often grow some crops

Answer 27

pastoralists

Question 28

produce wide range of products, including technology that enhances agricultural productivity

Answer 28

industrialism

Question 29

the ability to exercise one's will over others

Answer 29

power

Question 30

found among foragers; small loosely organized groups; everybody knows everybody

Answer 30

bands

Question 31

found among horticulturists and pastoralists; structured around kinship; everybody knows everybody's group

Answer 31

tribes

Question 32

found among agriculturists and pastoralists; centralized political entities; systems are separate and distinct; everybody knows the leader

Answer 32

chiefdoms

Question 33

found in large agricultural and industrial societies; based largely on territories, everybody knows the system

Answer 33

states

Question 34

maintaining order within a society; varies among political systems; formal and informal methods

Answer 34

internal order

Question 35

societies must (try to) get along with their neighbors

Answer 35

external relations

Question 36

set of beliefs and practices pertaining to supernatural beings or forces

Answer 36

religion

Question 37

souls are not only present in humans, also things such as forests, rivers, etc... (things you would traditionally think of as non-living)

Answer 37

animism

Question 38

what does religion offer (3)

Answer 38

general framework specific explanation help

Question 39

religion helps understand how different aspects of the world and human life fit together - bind together place and time - bind together animate and inanimate things

Answer 39

general framework

Question 40

religion explains why particular events happen at particular times

Answer 40

specific explanation

Question 41

religion offers assistance and guidance in practical and spiritual aspects of life

Answer 41

help

Question 42

someone who has established direct contact with the spirit world

Answer 42

shamans

Question 43

represents an established religious organization

Answer 43

preist

Question 44

recognizes one god

Answer 44

monotheistic

Question 45

recognizes multiple gods

Answer 45

polytheistic

Question 46

social construct established through repeated enactment of gendered behaviors

Answer 46

gender

Question 47

combination of chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy

Answer 47

biological sex

Question 48

network of relatives within which individuals posses certain mutual rights and obligations; bond of blood or marriage

Answer 48

kinship

Question 49

ban sexual relationships between individuals based on kinship ties

Answer 49

incest taboo