Antacids

Question 1

Main ingredients

Answer 1

Calcium carbonate, aluminum salts, or magnesium

Question 2

Most commonly used antacid ingredients

Answer 2

combo of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide

Question 3

Gerd symptoms

Diagnositic procedure if complicated?

Answer 3

heartburn that occurs 30-60 mins after meal

Upper endoscopy with biopy; not needed if uncomplicated

Question 4

Mechanism of antacida

Answer 4

Antacids are weak bases that neutralize gastric hydrochloric acid

Question 5

First line treatment of GERD

Answer 5

PPI; goal is to suppress acid

PPI should be taken 30-60 mins prior to other meds/meals

Question 6

Treatment for GERD

Answer 6

offer PPI full dose for 1-2 months

advise pt to not take PPI longer than 14 days without further eval

Question 7

Treatment for GERD

Answer 7

Moderate symptoms: prescribe PPI for 4-8 weeks
severe symptoms: 8-12 weeks
if treatment doesn’t work, then antireflux surgery needed

Question 8

How to take Antacids

Answer 8

take 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking other medications and with full glass of water

Question 9

Antacids with calcium cause what?

Answer 9

Constipation

Question 10

Avoid using antacids that contain mg in elderly with renal failure because?

Answer 10

they may develop hypermagnesemia

Question 11

Antacids may cause

Answer 11

constipation with aluminium and diarrhea with magnesium

Question 12

Peptic Ulcer disease causes

Answer 12

NSAIDS, Hpylori, and acid hypersecretory

Question 13

Treatment of PUD

Answer 13

PPI as first line, encourage balanced meals, avoid caffeine, alcohol to moderation. H2 blockers are also helpful.

Question 14

Treatment for Hpylori

Answer 14

H2 blocker or PPI with antibiotic for 14 days

Question 15

How to give H2 blocker

Answer 15

give after meals; early evening is optimal time for once daily dosing; meds end with “tidine”

Question 16

Unique thing about PPI?

Answer 16

require shorter duration of treatment, once daily dosing, give before meals

Question 17

5 categories of laxatives

Answer 17

Bulk, stool softeners, osmotic, stimulants, and enemas

Question 18

IBS

Answer 18

abdominal pain with defecation

Question 19

What do laxatives do?

Answer 19

Increase fluid retention in the color, resulting in bulkier and softer stools

Question 20

First line of treatment for constipation?

Answer 20

Bulk, then enemas, then stimulants

Question 21

Unique thing about stool softeners

Answer 21

given for long-term

Question 22

If patient has diarrhea, what tests do you order?

Answer 22

Fecal leukocytes, routine stool culture, CDIF, ova and parasite if patient has diarrhea for longer than 10 days, traveled to an endemic region, has HIV, or is a homo male

Question 23

Treatment for CDIF

Answer 23

Flagyl 500 mg po TID x 10 days (mild)

Vancomycin 125 mg po QID X 10 days (severe)

Question 24

What is Vertigo caused by?

Answer 24

inflammation of the semicircular canals of the inner ear

Question 25

What to order for motion sickness?

Answer 25

Meclizine, or scopolamine

Question 26

Irritable bowel sydrome

Answer 26

When there is pain with defecation. Diet with adequate fiber is the cornerstone of treatment