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Andomen ~ Anatomy > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of Anterior Abdominal Wall

A

Skin

Superficial fascia

External oblique muscle

Internal oblique muscle

Transverse abdominal muscle

Fascia transversalis

Parietal layer of peritoneum

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2
Q

Same Anterior abdominal wall layers, give contribution to layers of Scrotum excpet;

A

Transverse abdominalis rest all give contribution as;

Skin - Skin over Scrotum

Superficial Fascia - Dartose muscle

External oblique muscle - Ext. Spermatic fascia

Internal oblique muscle - Cremastric muscle

Fascia transversalis - Int. Spermatic fascia

Parietal layer of peritoneum - tunica vaginalis

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3
Q

Internal spermatic fascia is derived from;

A

Fascia transversalis

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4
Q

External Spermatic Fascia is derived from

A

External oblique muscle

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5
Q

Cremastric muscle derived from

A

Internal oblique muscle

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6
Q

Rectus sheath is formed by

A

Aponeurosis
External oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle
Transverse oblique muscle

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7
Q

Thickening of aponeurosis of External Oblique Muscle give

A

Inguinal ligament

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8
Q

Inguinal / Poupart’s Ligament;

Attachment

A

From Anterior Superior Iliac Spine to Pubic Tubercle

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9
Q

Midpoint of Inguinal Ligament

Mid Inguinal Point

Difference

A

See photo

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10
Q

Deep inguinal ring is situated

A

1.25 cm above the Mid Inguinal Point

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11
Q

Three modifications of Inguinal Ligament;

A
  1. Reflected part of Inguinal Ligament
  2. Pectineal ligament of Cooper
  3. Lacunar / Gimbernat’s Ligament
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12
Q

Neurovascular plane in the Anterior Abdominal Wall exist between

A

Internal oblique and Transverse abdominis muscles

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13
Q

Action of External oblique and Internal oblique muscles

A
  1. Maintenance of abdominal tone
  2. Increases intra-abdominal pressure
  3. Helps in Lateral flexion of trunk
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14
Q

Action of Transverse abdominis muscle;

A
  1. Maintenance of abdominal tone

2. Increases Intra-abdominal pressure

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15
Q

Nerve supply to Anterior Abdominal Muscles;

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transverse abdominis

A

Lower 5 Intercostal nerves — 7-12

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16
Q

Level of Subcostal Plane;

A

Lower border of L2

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17
Q

Level of Plane - connecting the Tubercle of Iliac Crest

A

Inter/transtubercular plane

Upper border of L5

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18
Q

Level of Transpyloric Plane and structures related to its level

A

Lower border of L1

  1. Pylorus of stomach
  2. Termination of Spinal cord in adult
  3. Origin of Sup. Mesenteric Artery
  4. Fundus of Gall bladder
  5. Tip of 9th Costal Cartilage
  6. Hilum of Kidney
  7. Postal vein formation
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19
Q

Arcuate line is situated

A

Between Umbilicus and Pubic Symphysis (midpoint)

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20
Q

Rectus sheath above the Arcuate line;

A

• Anterior to Rectus abdominis;

  1. Two lamellae of Ext. Oblique muscle
  2. Anterior lamella of Int. Oblique muscle

Posterior to Rectus abdominis;

  1. Posterior lamella of Int. Oblique muscle
  2. Two lamellae of Transverse abdominis muscle
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21
Q

Rectus sheath below the Arcuate line;

A

• Anterior to Rectus abdominis;

  1. Two lamellae of Ext. Oblique
  2. Two lamellae of Int. Oblique
  3. Two lamellae of Transverse abdominis

• Posterior wall of Rectus sheath is deficient below the arcuate line, formed by Fascia transversalis

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22
Q

Contents of Rectus Sheath;

A

• Two Muscles:

  • Rectus abdominis muscle
  • Pyramidalis muscle

• Two Vessels:

  • Sup. Epigastric
  • Inf. Epigastric
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23
Q

Peculiarity of Rectus Abdominis;

A

Tendinous intersecrions -

Prevents bowstringing of Rectus abdominis

24
Q

Action of Rectus abdominis;

A
  • Flexion of Trunk
  • Maintenance of Abdominal tone
  • Increases Intra-abdominal pressure
25
Q

Nerve supply of Rectus Abdominis;

A

T7-T12 Intercostal nerves

26
Q

Action of Pyramidalis muscle;

And its Nerve supply;

A

Tenses Linea alba

Supplied by T12 - Subcostal nerve

27
Q

Inferior epigastric artery is a branch of;

And it is present in the;

A

External iliac artery

Present in the Lateral Umbilical Fold

28
Q

Medial Umbilical Fold contains

A

Obliterated umbilical artery

29
Q

Median umbilical fold contains;

A

Urachus ligament (present between Apex of Bladder to Umbilicus)

30
Q

Location of Inguinal canal;

A

Situated at Medial Lower part of inguinal ligament

31
Q

Content of Inguinal canal in Males;

True Content-

Pseudo Content-

A

True Content - Spermatic cord

Pseudo Content — ilio-inguinal nerve

32
Q

Content of Inguinal canal in Females;

True Content-

Pseudo Content-

A

True Content- Round ligament of Uterus

Pseudo Content — ilio-inguinal nerve

33
Q

Round ligament of uterus is remnant of

A

Distal part of Gubernaculum

34
Q

Vessels transmitting through Spermatic cord;

A
  1. Testicular artery ← Abdominal aorta
  2. Artery to Vas deference ← Sup. Vesical artery
  3. Cremastric artery ← Infe. epigastric artery
  4. Pampiniform plexus of veins
35
Q

Nerves passing through Spermatic cord;

A
  1. Genital branch of Genitofemoral nerve

2. Testicular nerve - is sympathetic plexus over Testicular artery

36
Q

Content of Spermatic cord, Besides nerves and vessels

A

Vas Deferens

37
Q

Pseudo Content of Inguinal canal;

A

Ilio-inguinal nerve

But it is not the content of Spermatic cord

Usually it is not damaged during Vasectomy procedure.

38
Q

Defect in Fascia transversalis forms

A

Deep inguinal ring

Is Inlet of Inguinal canal

And situated 1.25 cm above Mid-Inguinal Point

39
Q

Defect in External Oblique Aponeurosis forms

A

Superficial Inguinal Ring;

Act as Outlet of Inguinal canal

Located - Above and Medial to Pubic Tubercle

40
Q

Femoral ring located;

A

Below and Lateral to Pubic Tubercle

41
Q

Pubic Tubercle is important land mark for

A

Distinguishing the Inguinal Hernia from the Femoral Hernia

42
Q

If the Hernia is Above and Medial to Pubic Tubercle;

A

It is Inguinal hernia

43
Q

If the hernia is Below and Lateral to Pubic Tubercle;

A

It is Femoral Hernia

44
Q

Anterior wall of Inguinal Canal is formed by

A
  • External oblique muscle

* Strengthened laterally by Internal Oblique muscle

45
Q

Roof of Inguinal canal is formed by;

A
  • Transverse Abdominis
  • Internal oblique

Forms arch above the canal

46
Q

Posterior wall of Inguinal canal is formed by;

A
  • Fascia transversalis

* Strengthened medially by Conjoint Tendon + Reflected part of Inguinal ligament

47
Q

Conjoint Tendon is formed by

A

Internal oblique + Transverse Abdominis

48
Q

Floor of Inguinal canal is formed by;

A
  • Lacunar ligament

* Inguinal ligament

49
Q

Direct hernia occurs through

A

Hasselbach’s triangle

50
Q

Boundaries of Hasselbach’s triangle;

A

Medial - Rectus Abdominis

Lateral - Inferior Epigastric artery

Inferior - Inguinal ligament

51
Q

Relation of Inferior Epigastric Artery to Direct Hernia;

A

Inferior Epigastric Artery is Lateral to Direct Hernia

52
Q

Relation of Inferior Epigastric Artery to Indirect Hernia

A

Inferior Epigastric Artery is Medial to Direct Hernia

53
Q

Content of Triangle of Doom

A

External Iliac vessel

During Laparoscopic hernial repair, if External iliac vessel get damaged → leads to hypovolemic shock

54
Q

Boundaries of Triangle of Doom

Apex -
Medially -
Laterally -

A

Apex - Deep Inguinal Ring

Medially - Vas deferns

Laterally - Testicular artery

55
Q

Contents of Triangle of Pain;

A
  • Genitofemoral nerve
  • Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve
56
Q

Boundaries of Triangle of Pain;

Medial -

Lateral -

Base -

A

Medial - Testicular vessel

Lateral - iliopubic tract

Base - skin reflection

Andomen ~ Anatomy (3 decks)

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