Anterior and medial Thigh/Femoral Triangle

Question 1

A) What veins are tributaries for the great saphenous vein?

B) Where does it terminate?

Answer 1

A) external pudendal
superficial circumflex iliac vein
superficial epigastric
B) femoral vein (after it passes through saphenous opening)

Question 2

What location does the external pudendal vein drain?

Answer 2

penis, vulva (labia majora, minora, glas clitoris)

Question 3

What area does the superficial circumflex iliac vein drain?

Answer 3

lateral thigh

Question 4

What area does the superficial epigastric vein drain?

Answer 4

anterior abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus

Question 5

What do the horizontal superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain?

Answer 5

penis, vulva, lateral thigh, anterior abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus (same as tributaries to great saphenous vein)

Question 6

What do the vertical inferior superficial lymph nodes drain?

Answer 6

inferior superficial tissues of lower extremety

Question 7

What nerves innervate the superficial thigh?

Answer 7

cutaneous (lateral, medial, intermediate)
genitofemoral n.
obturator n.
ilioinguinal n.

Question 8

What is the fascia lata?

Answer 8

deep fascia, thin layer surrounds muscles like pantyhose. surrounds muscles and forms intramuscular septa (divides thigh into medial, anterior and posterior compartments)

Question 9

What forms the iliotibial tract?

Answer 9

vertical fibers of of fascia lata, aponeuroses of gluteus maximus, and tensor fascia latae

Question 10

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 10

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis 
vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femurs)
vastus medialis
sartorius

Question 11

What are the muscles of the quadricep?

Where do they insert?

Answer 11

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis 
vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femurs)
vastus medialis
insertion-patella

Question 12

Rectus femoris
origin
insertion
innervation
function

Answer 12

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: patella
Innervation: femoral n.
function: flex thigh, extend knee

Question 13

Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis,vastus intermedius . Origin, insertion, innervation function

Answer 13

origin: shaft of femur
insertion: patella
innervation: femoral n.
function: extend knee

Question 14

sartorius

O, I, I, F

Answer 14

origin: ASIS
insertion: inferior to tibial tuberosity
(crosses hip and knee joints)
innervation: femoral n.
function: flex thigh and leg

Question 15

What is contained in the femoral sheath?

lateral, middle, and medial compartments

Answer 15

lateral-femoral artery
middle-femoral vein
medial-femoral canal, contains some lymph vessels, this section is continuous with the abdominal cavity via the femoral ring and can result in femoral hernias

Question 16

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?

Answer 16

iliac artery

Question 17

What are the branches of the femoral artery? (4)

Answer 17

external pudendal a.
superficial circumflex a.
superficial epigastric a.
profunda femoris a.

Question 18

What area dies the external pudendal a. supply?

Answer 18

penis, scrotum
vulva
lower half of anal canal

Question 19

What area does the superficial circumflex a. supply?

Answer 19

lateral thigh

Question 20

What area does the superficial epigastric a. supply?

Answer 20

anterior abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus

Question 21

What area does the profunda femoris a. supply?

Answer 21

2 circumflex branches (lateral, medial) supply hip joint and gluteal region

Question 22

What are the tributaries for the femoral vein?

Answer 22

profunda femoris vein, veins of the anterior and medial compartments of thigh

Question 23

Where are the deep lymph nodes of the anterior compartment located?

Answer 23

medial to the femoral vein

Question 24

Where do the deep femoral nodes receive lymph from? Where do they drain to?

Answer 24

• penile urethra, glans penis, glans clitoris

- external iliac nodes

Question 25

What form the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 25

base-inguinal ligament lateral side-sartorius medial side-adductor longus

Question 26

What is contained in the femoral triangle?

Answer 26

femoral artery and branches femoral vein and tributaries femoral n. lymphatics

Question 27

What are the six muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 27

gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor Magnus, obturator externus

Question 28

Gracilis | O, I, I, F. blood supply

Answer 28

Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis Insertion: medial surface of tibia inferior to tibial tuberosity (cross 2 joints, can flex leg and adduct thigh Innervation: obturator nerve Function: adduction, medial rotation Blood supply: obturator a. and profunda femoris a.

Question 29

Pectineus | O, I, I, F, BS

Answer 29

Origin: pecten pubis and superior ramus of pubis Insertion: pectineal line Innervation: femoral n. Function: adduction, medial rotation of hip blood supply: obturator and profound femoris a.

Question 30

adductor longus | O, I, I, F, BS

Answer 30

origin: body/inferior ramus of pubis Insertion: almost whole linea aspera in line with pectineus Innervation: obturator n. Function: adduction, medial rotation blood supply: obturator a. and profunda femoris a.

Question 31

adductor brevis | O, I, I, F, BS

Answer 31

Origin: body/inferior ramus of pubis Insertion: inferior part of pectineal line, superior part of linea aspera Innervation: obturator n. Function: adduction, medial rotation blood supply: obturator a. and profunda femoris a.

Question 32

adductor magnus | O, I, I, F, BS

Answer 32

Origin: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity Insertion: linea aspera, adductor tubercle Innervation: tibial n. Function: adduction, medial rotation blood supply: obturator a. and profunda femoris a.

Question 33

obturator externus | O, I, I, F, BS

Answer 33

Origin: external surface of obturator membrane, surrounding margins of pubis and ischium Insertion: posterior to neck of femur at trochanteric fossa Innervation: obturator n. Function: lateral rotation of thigh, holds femur in acetabulum blood supply: obturator a./profunda femoris a.

Question 34

What forms the borders of the adductor canal?

Answer 34

lateral wall-vastus medialis medial wall-adductor longus, adductor magnus roof-sartorius

Question 35

What is contained in the adductor canal?

Answer 35

femoral artery and vein saphenous artery saphenous nerve nerve to vastus medialis

Question 36

What does the saphenous a. and n. become and when does this happen?

Answer 36

cutaneous. when they pass between the gracilis and sartorius

Question 37

Where do the great saphenous vein and saphenous nerve terminate?

Answer 37

medial side of foot

Question 38

What does the femoral artery continue to become?

Answer 38

popliteal artery

Question 39

What occurs during a femoral hernia?

Answer 39

small intestine/mesentery protrude through femoral ring into femoral canal

Question 40

Describe palpation, compression, cannulation of the femoral artery

Answer 40

palpation-midway between ASIS, and pubic symphysis compression-cuts off blood supply to its branches cannulation-catheter inserted up into heart for left cardiac angiography

Question 41

What occurs if the femoral artery is lacerated?

Answer 41

anastomosis occurs between medial/lateral circumflex femoral a. and the inferior gluteal/first perforating artery inferiorly

Question 42

What is a saphenous varix?

Answer 42

dilated great saphenous vein that results in edema in the femoral triangle

Question 43

Where is the femoral vein located? what does cannulation of this vein accomplish?

Answer 43

medial to femoral artery, view right chamber of heart

Question 44

What muscles are involved in groin pulls?

Answer 44

proximal attachment of adductor muscles

Question 45

What is the most common hip injury?

Answer 45

contusion of the ASIS

Question 46

What causes a psoas abscess?

Answer 46

pyogenic infection (TB, crohns) of lower abdomen or greater pelvis. results in referred pain in hip, knee, thigh

Question 47

What does patellar reflex test?

Answer 47

L2-L4 and femoral nerve conduction, absence could indicated peripheral vascular disease

Question 48

What is abnormal ossification of the patella?

Answer 48

more than one ossification center in the patella that can look like a fracture