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MSK Exam II > Anterior Forearm > Flashcards

Anterior Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the anterior forearm?

A 
Axillary n.
Radial n.
Medial brachial cutaneous n.
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.
Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.
Ulnar n.
Median n.
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2
Q

The antebrachial deep fascia is an extension of the brachial deep fascia. It thickens posteriorly as __________ ___________, and thickens anteriorly as ______ _____ _______

A

Extensor retinaculum

Palmar carpal ligament

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3
Q

The antebrachial deep fascia thickens anteriorly as the palmar carpal ligament. What ligament lies beneath the palmar carpal ligament?

A

Transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum)

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4
Q

What structure separates the anterior and posterior forearm compartments?

A

Interosseous membrane

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5
Q

What is the main osteological site of articulation between the forearm and humerus?

A

Trochlear notch on ulna

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6
Q

The radius has a structure called a ______ where the capitulum of the humerus articulates

A

Fovea

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7
Q

All superficial structures of the cubital fossa and anterior forearm take origin at what part of the humerus?

A

Common flexor tendon of medial epicondyle

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8
Q

What 4 muscles are found in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres m.
Flexor carpi radialis m.
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Palmaris longus m.

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9
Q

Which of the following can be absent from the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A. Pronator teres m.
B. Flexor carpi radialis m.
C. Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
D. Palmaris longus m.

A

D. Palmaris longus m.

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10
Q

Origin of pronator teres m.

A

Medial epicondyle and coronoid process

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11
Q

Insertion of pronator teres m.

A

Lateral side of radius

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12
Q

Innervation of pronator teres m.

A

Median n.

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13
Q

Action of pronator teres m.

A

Pronates and flexes forearm

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14
Q

Origin of flexor carpi radialis m.

A

Medial epicondyle

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15
Q

Insertion of flexor carpi radialis m.

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

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16
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi radialis m.

A

Median n.

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17
Q

Action of flexor carpi radialis m.

A

Flexes and abducts hand at wrist

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18
Q

Origin of flexor carpi ulnaris m.

A

Medial epicondyle and olecranon

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19
Q

Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris m.

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

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20
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris m.

A

Ulnar n.

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21
Q

Action of flexor carpi ulnaris m.

A

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist

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22
Q

Origin of palmaris longus m.

A

Medial condyle

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23
Q

Insertion of palmaris longus m.

A

Distal flexor retinaculum; palmaris aponeurosis

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24
Q

Innervation of palmaris longus m.

A

Median n.

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25
Q

Action of palmaris longus m.

A

Wrist flexion; tenses aponeurosis

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26
Q

What muscle is considered the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

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27
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum superficialis m.

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus; superior anterior border of radius

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28
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis m.

A

Shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

29
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis m.

A

Median n.

30
Q

Action of flexor digitorum superficialis m.

A

Flexes middle phalanges at proximal IPJ, can flex proximal phalanges at MCP

31
Q

What 3 muscles are present in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator quadratus m.

Flexor pollicis longus m.

Flexor digitorum profundus m.

32
Q

Origin of pronator quadratus m.

A

Ulnar head

33
Q

Insertion of pronator quadratus m.

A

Mid-lateral radius

34
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus m.

A

Median n.

35
Q

Action of pronator quadratus m.

A

Pronates the forearm

36
Q

Origin of flexor pollicis longus m.

A

Anterior radius and interosseous membrane

37
Q

Insertion of flexor pollicis longus m.

A

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

38
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus m.

A

Median n.

39
Q

Action of flexor pollicis longus m.

A

Flexes the thumb

40
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum profundus m.

A

Proximal 3/4 of anterior ulna; interosseous membrane

41
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum profundus m.

A

Bases of distal phalanges

42
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus m.

A

Ulnar n. (Digits 4 and 5)

Median n. (Digits 2 and 3)

43
Q

What is the difference in insertion points for the flexor digitorum muscles?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis m. Inserts on shafts of medial 4 digits

Flexor digitorum profundus m. Inserts on base of distal IPJ

44
Q

Medial epicondylitis tendonitis involves inflamed tendons of the medial epicondyle due to excessive elbow and wrist _______, leading to painful swelling and pressure on the ______ nerve

A

Flexion; median

45
Q

What are the primary muscles affected by medial epicondylitis tendonitis?

A

Pronator teres m.

Flexor carpi radialis m.

[median n. Affected]

46
Q

What are some other names for medial epicondylitis tendonitis?

A

Golfer’s elbow
Pitcher’s elbow
Bowler’s elbow

[anything with repetitive flexion of wrist and forearm]

47
Q

The median nerve pathway in the forearm:

Crosses the cubital fossa medial to and with the _____ artery.

Passes between the heads of the _______ muscle.

Descends between the ______ and _______ muscles.

Runs deep to the _______ _______ ligament to enter the palm

A

Brachial

Pronator

FDS; FDP

Transverse carpal ligament

48
Q

What branch of the median n. arises in the cubital fossa and descends down the interosseous membrane with artery of the same name?

A

Anterior interosseous branch of median n.

49
Q

What does the anterior interosseous branch of the median n. supply?

A

Radial part of flexor digitorum profundus m.

Flexor palmaris longus m.

Pronator quadratus m.

50
Q

Ulnar nerve pathway in forearm:

Enters forearm from posterior _____ epicondyle of arm

Passes just lateral to ________ _____ ____ n.

Becomes superficial in ______ forearm

Passes between ________ __________ ligament (flexor retinaculum) and ______ ________ ligament to enter the palm

A

Medial

Flexor carpi ulnaris n.

Distal

Transverse carpal
Palmar carpal

51
Q

What are the 2 major arteries of the forearm?

A

Ulnar a.

Radial a.

52
Q

Both ulnar and radial aa. originate by bifurcation of the _____ artery in the inferior cubital fossa

A

Brachial

53
Q

What are the branches of the ulnar a. in the forearm?

A

Ulnar recurrent a. (anterior and posterior)

Common interosseous a.

Palmar carpal branch a.

Muscular branches

54
Q

Which is larger: the ulnar a. or the radial a.?

A

Ulnar a. is larger

55
Q

One of the major branches of the ulnar a. is the common interosseous a. What are the 2 branches of the common interosseous a.?

A

Anterior interosseous a.

Posterior interosseous a.

56
Q

T/F: the anterior interosseous a. reconnects with posterior interosseous a. at distal end of interosseous membrane

A

True

57
Q

What are the branches of the radial a. in the forearm?

A

Radial recurrent a.
Palmar carpal branch a.
Muscular branches

58
Q

What syndrome results from damage to anterior interosseous n.?

What n. does this branch from?

What muscles are affected?

A

Anterior interosseous syndrome - results in weakness of pincer motion

Anterior interosseous n. is a branch of the median n.

Supplies flexor pollicis longus m. and flexor digitorum profundus m.

59
Q

What nerve might be damaged in the following scenario:

Flexion of PIJ 1-3, DIJ and MPJ of 2 and 3, lumbricals 1 and 2, and thenar group are lost with injury at elbow level

What term is used to describe the above motion?

A

Median n.

“Hand of Benediction”

60
Q

What nerve might be damaged in the following scenario:

MPJ hyperextended and IPJ flexed due to unopposed action of extensors and flexor digitorum profundus with injury at wrist level

What term is used to describe the above motion?

A

Distal ulnar n.

“Claw hand”

61
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action:

Pronator teres m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle and coronoid process

Insertion: lateral side of radius

Innervation: median n.

Action: pronates and flexes forearm

62
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action:

Flexor carpi radialis m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle

Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal

Innervation: median n.

Action: flexes and abducts hand at wrist

63
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action:

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle and olecranon

Insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

Innervation: ulnar n.

Action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist

64
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action:

Palmaris longus m.

A

Origin: medial condyle

Insertion: distal flexor retinaculum, palmaris aponeurosis

Innervation: median n.

Action: flexion of wrist, tenses aponeurosis

65
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action:

Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; superior anterior border of radius

Insertion: shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

Innervation: median n.

Action: flexes middle phalanges at proximal IPJ, can flex proximal phalanges at MCP

66
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action:

Pronator quadratus m.

A

Origin: ulnar head

Insertion: mid-lateral radius

Innervation: median n.

Action: pronates forearm

67
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action:

Flexor pollicis longus m.

A

Origin: anterior radius and interosseus membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: median n.

Action: flexes thumb

68
Q

Origin/insertion/innervation/action:

Flexor digitorum profundus m.

A

Origin: proximal 3/4 of anterior ulna, interosseus membrane

Insertion: bases of distal phalanges

Innervation: ulnar n. (Digits 4 and 5), median n. (Digits 2 and 3)

Action: flexion of wrist and MCP, PIP, DIP joints of 2-5 digits

MSK Exam II (20 decks)

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