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Anterior/Medial Thigh Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False: Fascia Lata is continuous with the Inguinal Ligament

A

True

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2
Q

What is the function of the Fascia Lata?

A
  • Limit outward extension of contracting muscles

- Increase compression of veins

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3
Q

What is the function of the three Fascial Intermuscular Septi?

A

Divide the thigh into three compartments (ant., post., lat.)

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4
Q

Which of the three Fascial Intermuscular Septi is continuous with the Fascia Lata?

A

Lateral Intermuscular Septum

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5
Q

Where do all three Fascial Intermuscular Septi meet?

A

Linea Aspera

-Bony landmark on the Femur

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6
Q

What muscles make up the Anterior Thigh?

A
  • Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas Major)
  • Quadriceps Femoris (RF, VM, VL, VI)
  • Sartorius
  • Pectineus
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7
Q

What is the function of the Iliopsoas?

A
  • Hip flexion and stabilization

- Trunk flexion

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8
Q

What is the function of the Sartorius?

A
  • Abducts thigh
  • Laterally rotates thigh

-Flexion of the knee

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9
Q

What is the function of the Pectineus?

A
  • Adduction of the hip

- Flexion of the hip

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10
Q

What nerve innervates the Pectineus?

A

Half of muscle innervated by Femoral Nerve

Half of muscle innervated by Obturator Nerve

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11
Q

What is the function of all the Quadriceps Femoris muscles?

A

Extension of the knee

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12
Q

What is the function of the Rectus Femoris?

A
  • Extension of the knee

- Flexion of the hip

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13
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Iliopsoas?

A
  • Iliac branches of Femoral Artery

- Femoral Nerve

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14
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Sartorius?

A
  • Femoral Artery

- Femoral Nerve (anterior branch)

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15
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Quadriceps Femoris?

A
  • Profunda Femoris
  • Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

-Femoral Nerve (posterior branch)

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16
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Pectineus?

A
  • Obturator Artery
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
  • 1/2 Femoral Nerve
  • 1/2 Obturator Nerve
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17
Q

What muscles make up the Medial Thigh?

A
  • Obturator Externus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Magnus
  • Gracilis
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18
Q

What is the function of the Gracilis?

A
  • Adducts thigh
  • Flexes the leg
  • Medially rotates the leg
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19
Q

Describe: Graciloplasty

A

Mobilization of the Gracilis to form a sling and create a new anal sphincter

Used to treat fecal incontinence from:

  • CNS disease
  • Anorectal disease
  • Trauma
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20
Q

What is the function of the Adductor Longus?

A
  • Adducts thigh

- Weak hip flexor

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21
Q

What is the function of the Adductor Brevis?

A
  • Adducts thigh

- Weak hip flexor

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22
Q

What is the function of the Adductor Magnus (Adductor Head and Hamstring Head)

A

Adductor Head:

  • Adducts thigh
  • Flexes hip

Hamstring Head:
-Extends thigh

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23
Q

What is the function of the Obturator Externus?

A
  • Laterally rotates thigh

- Stabilizes Femoral head in acetabulum

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24
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Obturator Externus?

A
  • Obturator Artery
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

-Obturator Nerve (posterior branch)

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25
What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Adductor Brevis?
- Profunda Femoris - Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery - Obturator Artery -Obturator Nerve (anterior and posterior branch)
26
What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Adductor Longus?
- Profunda Femoris - Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery -Obturator Nerve (anterior branch)
27
What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Adductor Magnus?
- Femoral Artery - Profunda Femoris - Obturator Artery Adductor Head: -Obturator Nerve (posterior branch) Hamstring Head: -Sciatic Nerve (tibial division)
28
What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Gracilis?
- Profunda Femoris - Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery -Obturator Nerve (anterior branch)
29
Define: Pes Anserine ("Goose's Foot")
Attachment of the Gracilis, Sartorius, and Semitendinosus on the Medial Tibial Tuberosity
30
What is a Bursae?
Small, jelly-like sacs between bones and soft tissue to reduce friction
31
Define: Pes Anserine Bursitis
Inflammation of of Pes Anserine Bursa caused by: - Repetitive overload of tendons - Neglecting stretching - Valgus knees - Obesity
32
What nerve roots comprise the Femoral Nerve?
L2-L4
33
What muscles are innervated by the Femoral Nerve?
- Iliopsoas - Sartorius - Quadriceps Femoris (RF, VM, VI, VL) - 1/2 of the Pectineus
34
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the anteromedial aspect of the thigh?
Anterior Cutaneous Branch of the Femoral Nerve
35
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the thigh?
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
36
Describe: Femoral Nerve Entrapment
Pinching of the Femoral Nerve causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the anterior thigh Caused by: - Disc prolapse at L2/L3 or L3/L4 - Hip arthritis - Wound at Femoral Triangle
37
What is the results of a Femoral Nerve Entrapment?
Motor: - Complete loss of knee extension - Weakness in hip flexion Sensory: - Loss of anteromedial thigh sensation - Loss of medial leg sensation
38
What nerves does the Patellar Tendon Reflex test?
- Femoral Nerve | - L2-L4 spinal segments
39
Define: Hyperreflexia vs Areflexia
Hyperreflexia: - Overactive reflex - Femoral Nerve still intact, lesion on other brain fibers Areflexia: - No reflex present - Lesion of the Femoral Nerve itself
40
What nerve roots comprise the Obturator Nerve?
L2-L4
41
Where does the Obturator Nerve split into anterior and posterior branches?
Within the Obturator Canal
42
What muscles receive motor innervation from the anterior branches of the Obturator Nerve?
- Pectineus - Adductor Longus - Adductor Brevis - Gracilis
43
What area receives sensory innervation from the anterior branches of the Obturator Nerve?
- Hip joint | - Medial aspect of the thigh
44
What muscles receive motor innervation from the posterior branches of the Obturator Nerve?
- Obturator Externus - Adductor Brevis - Adductor Magnus (Adductor Head)
45
What muscles receive sensory innervation from the posterior branches of the Obturator Nerve?
Posterior aspect of the knee joint
46
What is the pathway for the Great Saphenous Vein?
From Dorsum of the Foot and drains into Femoral Vein (about 3 cm. below Inguinal Ligament)
47
Describe: Femoral Vein Cannulation
Catheter inserted in Femoral Vein to perform a Right Coronary Angiography Under fluoroscopy guidance catheter placed through the External and Common Iliac Veins, through IVC, into the Right Atrium of the Heart
48
Describe: Femoral Fracture
- Damage to the Medial or Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery | - Results in avascular necrosis of the Femoral Head
49
Why is the Femoral Artery used a pulse point?
It had similar characteristics to the Radial Pulse
50
How do you check for a Femoral Pulse?
- Slightly abduct the thigh | - Press deeply below Inguinal Ligament (midway b/w Pubic Symphysis and ASIS)
51
Describe: Peripheral Artery Disease
- Narrowing of arteries that decreases blood flow to the limbs - Blockage due to plaque buildup (common in the legs) Repaired with: - Femoral Popliteal Bypass - Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
52
What are the boundaries of the Femoral Triangle?
Superior: Inguinal Ligament Lateral: Sartorius Medial: Adductor Longus Roof: Fascia Lata Floor: Iliopsoas, Pectineus
53
What are the contents of the Femoral Triangle?
N.A.V.L. - Femoral Nerve - Femoral Artery - Femoral Vein - Lymphatics
54
Describe: Femoral Hernia
Protrusion of a loop of intestine through a weakened abdominal wall lateral to the pubic tubercle Causes: - Congenital defect - Heavy lifting - Obesity - More common in Females - Requires surgery to repair
55
What type of joint is the Knee?
Hinge type of synovial joint
56
What is the joint capsule of the Knee comprised of?
- External Fibrous Layer | - Internal Synovial Layer
57
What structures strengthen the joint capsule of the Knee?
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) - Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) - Patellar Ligament
58
What is the function of the Medial Collateral Ligament?
Prevents abduction of the Knee joint
59
What is the function of the Lateral Collateral Ligament?
Prevents adduction of the Knee joint
60
What is the function of the Patellar Ligament?
- Holds Femur and Tibia together | - Attachment for Quadriceps Femoris muscles
61
What is the function of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?
Prevents anterior dislocation of Tibia on the Femur (stops Tibia from sliding forward)
62
What is the function of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament?
Prevents posterior dislocation of Tibia on the Femur (stops Tibia from sliding backwards)
63
What is the function of the Medial and Lateral Meniscus?
Absorb shock
64
What is the test performed to check if the ACL is torn?
Anterior Drawer Test
65
What is the test performed to check if the PCL is torn?
Posterior Drawer Test
66
Describe: Unhappy Triad ("Blown Knee")
Injury to ACL, either Meniscus, and MCL - ACL reconstructed with tendon graft - Meniscus is repaired or transplanted - MCL usually heals on its own
67
What nerve plexus is responsible for innervating the anterior and medial thigh?
Lumbar plexus

Anatomy (12 decks)

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