Anterior Neck

Question 1

Platysma OIA

Answer 1

Origin: infra and supraclavicular regions

Insertion: base of mandible; spine of cheek and angle of mouth

Innervation: facial nerve

Action: depression of angles of mouth and mandible (“frightened face”)

Question 2

Triangles of the neck anterior and posterior boundaries

Answer 2

Anterior: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid, inferior border of the mandible

Posterior: posterior border of the SCM, anterior border of the trapezius and middle one-third of clavicle

Question 3

4 smaller triangles of anterior triangle

Answer 3

Submandibular, submental, muscular, and carotid

Question 4

Submandibular outlines and major contents

Answer 4

Inferior border of the mandible and digastric m.

Question 5

Submental triangle outlines and major contents

Answer 5

Hyoid bone and anterior belly of digastric m

Question 6

Muscular triangle outlines and major contents

Answer 6

Hyoid bone, superior belly of omohyoid m., and anterior border of the SCM m

Question 7

Carotid triangle outlines and contents

Answer 7

Superior belly of omohyoid m, stylohyoid m, posterior belly of digastric m, and anterior border of SCM m

Question 8

Submandibular triangle major contents

Answer 8

Facial a & v, submandibular gland, hypoglossal n (CN12)

Question 9

Submental triangle major content

Answer 9

Submental lymph nodes

Question 10

Carotid triangle major content

Answer 10

Int. Jugular v, carotid a, vagus n (CN 10), ansa cervicalis

Question 11

Muscular triangle major contents

Answer 11

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 12

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 12

Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

Question 13

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 13

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 14

Stylohyoid OIIA

Answer 14

Origin: base of styloid process

Insertion: greater horns

Innervation: facial nerve (CN 07)

Main action: pulls the hyoid bone posterosuperiorly during swallowing

Question 15

Digastric OIIA

Answer 15

Origin: anterior - digastric fossa, posterior - mastoid process

Insertion: tendon between 2 bellies to body of hyoid bone

Innervation: mylohyoid nerve

Main action: elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible

Question 16

Mylohyoid OIIA

Answer 16

Origin: mylohyoid line of mandible

Insertion: body of hyoid bone

Innervation: mylohyoid nerve

Main action: support and elevation of floor of mouth; elevation of hyoid

Question 17

Geniohyoid OIIA

Answer 17

Origin: inferior mental spine

Insertion: body of hyoid bone

Innervation: anterior ramus from C1

Main action: fixation of mandible; pulls mandible inward

Question 18

Sternohyoid OIIA

Answer 18

Origin: posterior aspect of sternoclavicular joint

Insertion: body of hyoid bone

Innervation: ansa cervicalis

Main action: depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

Question 19

Omohyoid OIIA

Answer 19

Origin: superior border of scapula

Insertion: body of hyoid bone

Innervation: anterior rami of C1 to C3

Main action: depresses hyoid bone

Question 20

Thyrohyoid OIIA

Answer 20

Origin: thyroid cartilage

Insertion: greater horn of hyoid bone

Innervation: anterior ramus of C1

Main action: depresses the hyoid bone and elevates thyroid cartilage

Question 21

Sternothyroid OIIA

Answer 21

Origin: manubrium

Insertion: thyroid cartilage

Innervation: ansa cervicales

Main action: draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward

Question 22

What does the internal carotid artery supply blood to?

Answer 22

everything in the skull; ex. brain

Question 23

What does the external carotid artery supply blood to?

Answer 23

everything outside the skull

Question 24

What veins receive blood from all structures of the head and neck?

Answer 24

internal jugular veins

Question 25

What arteries come from the brachiocephalic trunk?

Answer 25

Right common carotid and right subclavian artery

Question 26

What structure does the right internal jugular vein come from?

Answer 26

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 27

What vessels come from the aortic arch?

Answer 27

left common carotid artery and subclavian

Question 28

Which nerves pass through the jugular foramen?

Answer 28

Glossopharyngeal (CN 09) Vagus nerve (CN 10) Accessory nerve (CN 11)

Question 29

Which nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 29

Hypoglossal (CN 12)

Question 30

What type of nerve is glossopharyngeal? Function?

Answer 30

mixed nerve (motor and sensory); innervates muscle of pharyngeal wall

Question 31

What type of nerve is vagus nerve? Function?

Answer 31

mixed nerve (motor and sensory); innervates larynx, lungs, heart, liver, and structures in abdomen

Question 32

What type of nerve is accessory nerve? Function?

Answer 32

motor nerve; innervates SCM and trap

Question 33

What type of nerve is hypoglossal nerve? Function?

Answer 33

motor nerve; innervates the tongue