Anterior Thigh And Knee Flashcards
The femur is the longest bone in the body. It has a head, a neck, greater and lesser trochanter and is joined anteriorly by the intertrochanteric line and posteriorly by the intertrochanteric crest. Describe some other bony landmarks.
The gluteal tuberosity runs down from the greater trochanter posteriorly, to join the linear aspera, which splits into medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The adductor tubercule sits on top of the medial epicondyle above the medial condyle. In between the medial and lateral condyles is the patellar surface and intercondylar fossa.
The patella is _________ in shape and at the apex, posteriorly there is the surface for the ___________ ligament - it also has medial and lateral ________ for condyles of the femur.
Triangular
Patellar
Facets
There is an intercondylar ___________ on top of the tibia and articular surfaces for the medial and lateral ________. The tibial ____________ is below the patella. Distally, the tibia has an articular surface and the ________ malleolus.
Eminence
Condyles
Tuberosity
Medial
What types of joints are the proximal tibiofibular joint, the distal tibiofibular joint and what else joins the 2 legs bones? Also name 2 significant features of the distal fibula.
The proximal tibiofibular is synovial and the distal tobiofibular joint is fibrous. The interosseous membrane runs between the 2 leg bones.
The fibula has an articulating head and the lateral malleolus.
Describe rectus femoris.
Rectus femoris is one of the quadriceps muscle and originating from the ilium, just superior to the acetabulum, is the only quadriceps muscle to cross both the hip and the knee joints. It flexes the leg at the hip and extends at the knee. It is in the anterior compartment of the thigh.
Other than the rectus femoris, there are 3 quadriceps muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh. Labile them accordingly:
- Originates from greater trochanter and lateral lip of linear aspera.
- From anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft.
- From intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linear aspera.
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus medialis
All of the quadriceps muscles converge to form the __________ tendon and attach to the patella distally via the patellar tendon. They all extend the knee joint and __________ the patella, particularly the vastus _________ due to the ___________ fibres at the distal end. They are all innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-____).
Quadriceps Stabilise Medialis Horizontal L4
Which compartment of the thigh adducts?
Medial
Which of the muscles of the medial thigh has 2 functions and how?
The adductor Magnus lies posteriorly and has 2 functional parts. The adductor part originates from the inferior rami of the pubis and the rami of the ischium, attaching to the linear aspera (Obturator N. L2-4). The hamstring part originates from the ischial tuberosity and attaches to the adductor tubercule and medial supracondylar line of the femur (Tibial N. L4-S3).
The both adduct the thigh (adductor flexes and hamstring extends).
Another hamstring, adductor _______, partially covers adductor Magnus and brevis, originates from the pubis and expands in a _____ shape, attaching broadly to the femur’s ________ ___________. It adducts and _________ __________ the thigh (____________ N.).
Longus Fan Linear aspera Medially rotates Obturator (L2-4)
Where does adductor breviary lie and attach?
Adductor brevity lies in between the anterior and posterior divisions of the Obturator nerve. It originates from the body of the pubis and inferior pubic rami and attaches to the linear aspera, proximal to the adductor longus.
Which muscle am I describing?
It originates from the inferior rami of the pubis and its body and descends almost vertically to attach the the medial surface of the tibia. It is the most medial and superficial. It crosses the hip and knee, what can it do and what innervates it?
Gracillis is innervated by the Obturator nerve. It adducts the thigh at the hip and flexes the leg at the knee.
Other than adductor Magnus, which muscle in the thigh sits at the border of 2 compartments and has duel innervation? It is innervated by the femoral and a branch of the Obturator nerve, where does it attach and what does it do?
Pectineus, the transition between the medial and the anterior compartments, originates from the pectineal line on the anterior pelvis and attaches to the pectineal line on the posterior femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter.
It adducts and flexes the hip.
Sartorius originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and runs in an inferomedial direction, where does it attach, what does it do and what innervates it?
Innervates by the femoral nerve, sartorius attaches to the medial surface of the tibia. At the hip it flexes, abducts and laterally rotates. It also protects the neurovascular bundle in the thigh and flexes at the knee.
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
The superior border is the inguinal ligament.
The medial border is the medial border of adductor longus.
The lateral border is the medial border of the sartorius muscle.
The floor is made up of the iliopsoas, adductor longus and pectineus muscles. The roof is fascia lata.
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
Lateral to medial it contains NAVEL. Femoral Nerve, femoral Artery, femoral Vein, Empty space, then Lymph canal. The great saphenous vein feeds into the femoral vein in the triangle, from outside of the fascia lata.
The canal holds lymph, the sheath holds artery, vein and lymphatic and triangle holds it all.
Blood supply:
The _________ iliac artery becomes the ________ artery (gives off the __________ _________, medial and lateral _________ _________ arteries). This becomes the ___________ artery (which gives off the __________ arteries, anterior and posterior _______ arteries and the ___________ artery).
External Femoral Profunda femoris Circumflex femoral Popliteal Geniculate Tibial Peroneal
The femoral nerve provides motor innervation to the quadriceps and sartorius (becomes saphenous N.), Obturator N. to adductor and gracillis and Sciatic to hamstrings, but what about sensory innervation?
Anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve innervate the anterior and medial thigh and the saphenous nerve which comes off it does the medial leg. The sciatic nerve has no direct sensory functions (tibial and peroneal nerves later do). A cutaneous branch of the Obturator N. supplies the superior medial thigh.
The lateral cutaneous and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh serves their function.
