Anterior Triangle of Neck Anatomy

Question 1

Answer 1

digastric muscle - anterior (orange) and posterior (purple) bellies

“looping” around hyoid bone (pink)

SCM (blue)

Question 2

Answer 2

facial vein (blue) is tributary to IJV (green)

facial vein crosses over submandibular gland (red)

Question 3

Answer 3

facial artery (yellow) is a branch of the ECA (green; external carotid artery)

CN 12 (hypoglossal nerve) (blue)

Question 4

which muscle can be used to landmark CN XII?

Answer 4

hypoglossal nerve runs over posterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 5

Answer 5

internal jugular vein (IJV)

superficial to SCM would be external jugular vein (EJV)

smaller midline veins are anterior jugular veins

Question 6

Answer 6

external jugular vein (EJV) (red)

anterior jugular vein (green)

Question 7

Answer 7

SCM (pink) (cut; superficial)

omoHYoid muscle (green) (cut; lateral to sternohyoid, deep to SCM; omo = scapula)

sternoHYoid (orange)

sternoTHYRoid (blue)

thyroHYoid (purple)

Question 8

omohyoid

Answer 8

scapula (omo) to hyoid; lateral to sternohyoid

depresses hyoid during swallowing and speaking

innervated by ansa cervicalis

Question 9

sternohyoid

Answer 9

anterior neck, just deep to platysma

depresses hyoid during swallowing and speaking

innervated by ansa cervicalis

Question 10

sternoTHYRoid

Answer 10

deep to sternohyoid, inferior to thyrohyoid

depresses hyoid during swallowing and speaking

innervated by ansa cervicalis

Question 11

thyrohyoid

Answer 11

deep to sternohyoid and superior

depresses hyoid during swallowing and speaking

innervated by ansa cervicalis

Question 12

Answer 12

arrows top to bottom:

• hyoid bone
• thyroid cartilage
• cricothyroid muscle
• cricoid cartilage
  green: thyroid
  purple: thyrohyoid
  red: sternothyroid

Question 13

Answer 13

superior thyroid artery (yellow)

branch of external carotid artery

Question 14

what arteries supply thyroid?

Answer 14

superior (branch of external carotid artery) and inferior (branch of subclavian) thyroid arteries

Question 15

what veins drain thyroid?

Answer 15

superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins (tributary to brachiocephalic vein)

Question 16

Answer 16

recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) (blue)

vagus nerve (yellow)

phrenic nerve (green)

Question 17

recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates

Answer 17

vocal cords

Question 18

Answer 18

omohyoid (green)

IJV (yellow)

common carotid a. (pink)

ansa cervicalis (purple)

vagus n. (blue)

Question 19

Answer 19

top arrow: SCM

bottom arrow: phrenic nerve overlying anterior scalene

Question 20

Answer 20

vertebral artery (pale blue/deep)

thyrocervical trunk (pink)

both are branches of subclavian artery (green)

subclavian vein (yellow)

Question 21

Answer 21

(inferior to superior)

superior thyroid a. (red)

lingual a. (purple)

facial a. (green)

ignore pink

Question 22

lingual a. runs with which nerve?

Answer 22

CN XII (hypoglossal)

over the posterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

mylohyoid (blue; deep)

digastric, anterior belly (red)

stylohyoid (purple)

Question 25

which vein crosses over submandibular gland

Answer 25

facial vein tributary to internal jugular v.

Question 26

course of facial a.

Answer 26

courses under mandible and then meets facial v. to course over submandibular gland

Question 27

what does facial v. drain

Answer 27

anterior face

Question 28

nerve on posterior digastric m.

Answer 28

hypoglossal n. (CN 12)

Question 29

what does CN XII innervate

Answer 29

m. of tongue, geniohyoid m.

Question 30

fiber types CN XII

Answer 30

somatic motor symp post

Question 31

fx sternoHYOid m.

Answer 31

depress hyoid bone

Question 32

fx omoHYOid m.

Answer 32

depress hyoid bone

Question 33

fx steroTHYRoid m.

Answer 33

depress hyoid bone

Question 34

fx thyrohyoid m.

Answer 34

depress hyoid b.

Question 35

blood supply of thyroid

Answer 35

superior thyroid a. (branch of ECA) inferior thyroid a. (branch of thyrocervical trunk of subclavian a.)

Question 36

venous drainage of thyroid

Answer 36

superior, middle, inferior thyroid v. superior, middle --\> IJV inferior --\> brachiocephalic v.

Question 37

course of recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 37

groove b/w trachea and esophagus, to larynx

Question 38

recurrent laryngeal n. branches off ...

Answer 38

CN XI courses via CN X

Question 39

target of recurrent laryngeal n.

Answer 39

muscles of larynx

Question 40

2 branches of common carotid a. (CCA)

Answer 40

external and internal carotid a. (ECA and ICA)

Question 41

neurovascular bundle including the CCA

Answer 41

CCA, IJV, vagus n.

Question 42

ansa cervicalis innervates ...

Answer 42

infraHYoid m.s

Question 43

ventral rami ansa cervicalis

Answer 43

C1,2,3

Question 44

CN XI is found...

Answer 44

deep to SCM

Question 45

CN XI innervates

Answer 45

trapezius and SCM

Question 46

nerve related to anterior scalene

Answer 46

phrenic nerve lies on top of it

Question 47

2 branches subclavian a.

Answer 47

thyrocervical trunk vertebral a.

Question 48

receptors at common carotid bifurcation and their function

Answer 48

carotid sinus baroreceptors sense blood pressure carotid body chemoreceptors monitor blood O2 and CO2

Question 49

carotid body baroreceptors innervation

Answer 49

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)

Question 50

3 branches of ECA in carotid triangle

Answer 50

superior thyroid a. ascending pharyngeal a. lingual a.

Question 51

3 branches of ECA superior to carotid triangle

Answer 51

facial a. occipital a. posterior auricular a.

Question 52

structures of interest on mylohyoid

Answer 52

lymph nodes