Antero-Posterior Discrepancies

Question 1

The class II malocclusion is among the most common developmental
anomalies with a prevalence of around –% in the general
population
* Affecting –% of all orthodontic patients in the U.S.A

Answer 1

30
33

Question 2

class 2
This anomaly can be divided into different categories
(3)

Answer 2

• Maxillary excess
• Mandibular deficiency
• Combination

Question 3

class 2
The etiology may be of (2) origin

Answer 3

skeletal or dental

Question 4

The class II malocclusion is the most frequent problem presenting
in the

Answer 4

orthodontic practice

Question 5

The etiology of class II malocclusion has been linked to (2) factors

Answer 5

hereditary
and environmental

Question 6

Diagnosis & Clinical
Features
* Class II malocclusions may be identified by precise clinical
evaluation
* Class II malocclusions may reflect:
(3)

Answer 6

• Maxilla-Mandible disharmony with underdevelopment of mandibular
  growth
• Dental disharmony (Angle classification)
• Combination

Question 7

Diagnosis & Clinical
Features
*class 2 molar relationship

Answer 7

Maxillary first molar in a mesial position in relation to the
mandibular first molar (distocclusion

Question 8

skipped
Two different types of Class II malocclusions
* Class II Divivion1:
* Class II Division 2:

Answer 8

Convex profile, mandibular retrognathism, variable
facial height, increased overjet (proclined maxillary incisors)

Straight to convex profile, decreased lower facial
height, normal overjet, deep overbite, retroclined maxillary central
incisors, labially inclined maxillary lateral incisors

Question 9

Class II Division 1
(4)

Answer 9

• In severe (skeletal) class II division 1, the lips
  are usually incompetent
• Proclination of upper incisors
• Increased overjet
• Narrow and tapered upper maxillary arch

Question 10

Class II Division 2
(3)

Answer 10

• Vertical dimension is usually decreased in
  comparison with Class II division 1
• Dental crowding is created by retroclination
  of the maxillary central incisors
• Deep overbite caused by the over eruption
  of the maxillary central incisors and lower
  incisors

Question 11

Skeletal class II malocclusion components may be classified by:
(2)

Answer 11

• Maxillomandibular relationship
• Vertical discrepancy

Question 12

• Maxillomandibular relationship

Answer 12

• Mandibular retrognathism, midface protrusion or both

Question 13

• Vertical discrepancy

Answer 13

• Anterior upper face height often greater than normal, and steep
  occlusal plane

Question 14

Treatment strategies of class II
malocclusion are categorized based on:
*status

Answer 14

growing and Non‐growing status of
patients.

Question 15

Growing patients: Ideally, treatment of
Class II malocclusions should focus first
on improving the — discrepancy
* Using —while the
individual is still growing. (Growth
Modification)

Answer 15

skeletal
Functional Appliances

Question 16

Treatment
* In adults, repositioning of the maxilla and mandible can be achieved with:
(2)

Answer 16

• Orthognathic surgery.
• Dentoalveolar compensation alone.

Question 17

• Orthognathic surgery.

Answer 17

• Adjusting the position of both in relation to the cranial base in the three
  dimensions and improving overall facial esthetics.

Question 18

• Dentoalveolar compensation alone.

Answer 18

*Camouflage dental treatment.

Question 19

Both removable functional appliances and headgear therapy depend on the

Answer 19

cooperation of the patients.

Question 20

Among the different removable appliances, Twin‐block is used more often,
which can efficiently (3)

Answer 20

promote mandibular growth, restrict further forward
growth of the maxilla, and improve skeletal relationships in growing
skeletal class II individuals with mandibular retrusion.

Question 21

The key differences between removable and fixed appliances are
different —, and also optimal
treatment timing (before puberty growth vs. at or after puberty spurt)
and direction of further growth

Answer 21

working hours (intermittent vs. continuous)

Question 22

Dental changes with — appliances including — and — were more significant
than skeletal changes when compared to — appliances

Answer 22

fixed
mesial movement of
lower molars
proclination of lower incisors
removable

Question 23

Late Management
Class II malocclusions
* In contrast to growing patients, limited range of treatment
modalities can be used for adult cases with class II skeletal and
dental malocclusions.
* Depending on the severity of malocclusion:
(2)

Answer 23

• Class II elastics, compensatory extractions.
• maxillary premolars and/or mandibular premolars

Question 24

• — surgical modalities may be used to alleviate the
  functional and esthetic problems associated with this type of
  malocclusion.

Answer 24

Orthognathic

Question 25

Orthognathic surgery:

Answer 25

Mandibular advancement with or without maxillary impaction ( Class II openbite)

Question 26

* The proper --- orthodontic tooth movements and ---- are essential to maximize the amount of discrepancy correction during surgery. * Although orthognathic surgery could be an efficient treatment modality in severe class II patients, both the --- of the surgery and the --- of undergoing surgery normally prevent patients from choosing this treatment option.

Answer 26

presurgical alignment of arches cost, fear

Question 27

Class --- malocclusion is the most difficult and complex orthodontic problems to treat.

Answer 27

III

Question 28

* Skeletal Class III malocclusion is characterized by: (3)

Answer 28

* Mandibular prognathism * Maxillary deficiency * Some combination of these two features

Question 29

* The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different ethnic groups. * The prevalence in Caucasians ranges between * A high prevalence has been reported in Asians ---% of Japanese .

Answer 29

1% and 4%. 20

Question 30

Like other types of malocclusions, the etiology of class III malocclusion has been linked to (2) factors

Answer 30

hereditary and environmental

Question 31

More than half of all skeletal Class III malocclusions are reported to result from --- deficiency.

Answer 31

maxillary

Question 32

More precisely, the incidence of Class III malocclusions suffering from maxillary deficiency was reported to be --%

Answer 32

65–67

Question 33

class 3 Diagnosis & Clinical Features * Extraoral features : (3)

Answer 33

* Concave profile. * Anterior facial divergence. * Prominent lower third of face/chin.

Question 34

class 3 intraoral features : (4)

Answer 34

* Class III molar and canine relationship. * Narrow upper arch. * Decreased or reverse overjet. * Crowding in upper arch

Question 35

Etiology of Class III * The etiology is associated with environmental and genetic factors. * The etiological factors of this malocclusion have been classified into two groups: (2)

Answer 35

1. Skeletal. 2. Dental.

Question 36

1. Skeletal.

Answer 36

* Hypoplastic maxilla. Hyperplastic mandible. Combination

Question 37

2. Dental.

Answer 37

* Anterior crossbite of functional origin

Question 38

Functional Class III * Pseudo-Class III characterized by:

Answer 38

* Anterior crossbite * CR-CO Shift * Not a true Class III malocclusion if corrected early

Question 39

Anterior crossbite * Due to a

Answer 39

forward functional displacement of the mandible

Question 40

Functional Class III Treatment * In most cases, --- is the main etiological factor of a pseudo-Class III malocclusion. * Correction of the anterior crossbite must be carried out as soon as it is detected to increase the orthopedic effects, thereby increasing the long-term stability of the treatment results.

Answer 40

retroclined maxillary incisors

Question 41

Manipulate the condyles in their physiologic rest position. If the occlusion is end to end it is probable that the crossbite is ---

Answer 41

functional

Question 42

Maxillary Expansion-Protraction face mask Goals:

Answer 42

Expand upper jaw to accommodate the lower dentition . Apply traction to the maxilla to reposition it more anteriorly. Slow down growth of mandible

Question 43

* A facemask attached to a maxillary expansion appliance to promote anterior maxilla repositioning by inducing growth at the ---

Answer 43

maxillary sutures

Question 44

The chance of true skeletal change appears to decline beyond age --, and the chance of clinical success declines at age ---

Answer 44

8 10 to 11

Question 45

Late Management Class III malocclusions * The principles involved in the comprehensive treatment of Class III dentoalveolar malocclusions are: (4)

Answer 45

* Relief of crowding * Level and align arches * Increase overbite and overjet * Compensation by over proclination of upper incisors and retroclination of lower incisors

Question 46

Late Management Class III malocclusions * In cases with moderate or severe Class III anteroposterior skeletal discrepancies, a combination of (2) at the completion of skeletal growth (earlier in females than males) will be required to create an acceptable and stable Class I occlusion. * Usually, an --- repositioning is done * More rarely a ---

Answer 46

orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery anterior and vertical maxillary mandibular set back

Question 47

Late Management Class III malocclusions * --- orthodontic treatment usually involves to align the maxillary and mandibular arches, in order that they will co- ordinate when their respective skeletal bases have been surgically repositioned. (Decompensation) * A short period of orthodontic treatment (ideally less than 6 months) is often required --- surgery to finish and detail the occlusion.

Answer 47

Presurgical after