Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the borders of the abdominal region? What is another name for it and why?
Superior: thoracic diaphragm/costal margin
Inferior: Pelvic diaphragm
aka Abdominopelvic region b/c of no distinguishing border between abdominal region and pelvic region.
What are the bones that comprise the pelvis?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
What are some important landmarks of the pelvis?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
Iliac Crest (remember the Intercrestal Plane; L4 spinous process is located at this level)
Where is the opening of the false pelvis located?
Between the ala of the sacrum (level of the iliac crests)
Where is the opening of the true pelvis located?
between the arcuate lines (the smaller hole in the middle of the pelvic structure)
How does the abdominal wall assist in breathing?
During inspiration, it relaxes, allowing the abdominal cavity to swell.
During expiration, it contracts, assiting in elevating the thoracic diaphragm back to its normal ‘dome’ orientation.
List the layers of the AL abdominal wall, from superficial to deep.
- Skin
- Camper Fascia (Superficial, fatty)
- Scarpa Fascia (Deep of Superficial, membraneous)
- Galladet’s Fascia (Deep Fascia begins here)
- External Oblique Muscle
- Galladet’s Fascia
- Internal Oblique Muscle
- Galladet’s Fascia
- Transverse abdominal muscle
- Transversalis Fascia
- Endoabdominal fascia (extraperitoneal fat)
- Parietal Peritoneum
What are the Lines of Langer and how are they clinically relevant?
Arrangement of collagen fibers in dermis and underlying muscle fibers that contributes to lines of tension in the skin
Parallel incisions heal FASTER and scar less.
Perpendicular incisions heal slower, can cut motor nerves (which lead to atrophy), scar, and can break sutures/infect more easily.
What happens to the fat of the Camper fascia as you approach the groin? Why?
The fat layer disappears and it becomes Cruveillher’s Fascia.
If the fat continued down to the level of the groin, it would interfere with the thermohomeostasis of the testes, which would disrupt spermatogenesis.
Odd fact about Dartos fascia?
it contains some muscle, which can retract the testes if you massage inner thighs.
THIS AIN’T THAT GREAT BECAUSE IT CAN RENDER YOU STERILE.
In what dermatome is the umbilicus located?
T10
What are the demarcating lines of the abdominal muscles, and where are they located?
- linea albea (median line running down the rectus abdominus)
- linea semilunaris (two curved white line flanking the rectus abdominus)
- linea semicircularis aka arcuate line (horizontal line marking the inferior limit of the rectus sheath)
- Inguinal ligament
Name the quadrants and the planes that divide them.
Right and Left Upper Quadrant
Right and Left Lower Quadrant
Median plane (vertical) Transumbilical plane (horizontal)
Name the 9 regions for specific identification of structures.
Top row
- Right Hypochondriac
- Epigastric
- Left Hypochondriac
Middle row
- Right Lumbar
- Umbilical
- Left Lumbar
Bottom row
- Right iliac
- Hypogastric
- Left iliac
What structure is located in every region?
the small intestine
List the structures found in the Right hypochondriac region.
- Ascending colon
- Gall bladder
- Liver
- Right Kidney
- Small Intestine
- Transverse Colon
List the structures found in the Epigastric region.
- Esophagus
- Liver
- Pancreas
- R&L Adrenal Glands
- R&L Kidneys
- Small Intestine
- Spleen
- Stomach
- Transverse Colon
List the structures found in t he Left Hypochondriac region.
- Descending Colon
- Left Kidney
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
- Spleen
- Stomach
- Transverse Colon
List the structures found in the Right Lumbar region.
- Ascending Colon
- Gall Bladder
- Liver
- Right Kidney
- Small Intestine
List the structures found in the Umbilical region.
- Cisterna Chyli
- Pancreas
- R&L Kidneys
- R&L Ureters
- Small intestine
- Stomach
- Transverse Colon
List the structures found in the Left Lumbar region.
- Descending Colon
- Left Kidney
- Small Intestine
List the structures found in the Right Iliac region.
- Appendix
- Cecum
- Ascending Colon
- Small Intestine
FEMALES ONLY
- Right ovary
- Right fallopian tube
List the structures found in the Hypogastric region.
- Prostate
- Rectum
- R&L Ureters
- Sigmoid Colon
- Small intestine
- Urinary Bladder
FEMALES ONLY
- R&L Fallopian tubes
- R&L Ovaries
- Uterus
MALES ONLY
- Seminal Vesicles
- Vas Deferens
List the structures found in the Left Iliac region.
- Small intestine
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid Colon
FEMALES
- Left Fallopian Tube
- Left Ovary
