ANTH FINAL

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

study of humankind in all its forms (it’s cross cultural and holistic pov)

Question 2

What are the 4 subfields in anthropology?

Answer 2

cultural, linguistic, archaeology, biological

Question 3

Cultural Anthropology

Answer 3

Study of human societies in a cross cultural perspective

Question 4

Linguistic Anthropology

Answer 4

the study of language, its history and use; form, function and social context of language

Question 5

Archaeology

Answer 5

the study of how people used to live, based on the material culture they left behind

Question 6

Biological Anthropology

Answer 6

the study of human biology within the framework of evolution and with an emphasis on the interaction between biology & culture

Question 7

Biocultural Evolution

Answer 7

our biology allowed for culture (develop tech & tools) & our culture can affect our biology

Question 8

Name the 7 Specializations of study in Biological Anthropology

Answer 8

Human Biology, Primatology, Paleo-anthropology, Human osteology/skeletal biology, paleo-pathology, bio archaeology, forensic anthropology

Question 9

Human Biology

Answer 9

the study of human growth and dev, adaptation to environmental extremes, and human genetics; human body adapt to the environment that they’re in

Question 10

Primatology

Answer 10

the study of the non-human primates and their anatomy, genetics, behavior, and ecology; what are defining characteristics? how closely related are we?

Question 11

Paleo-Anthropology

Answer 11

the study of the fossil record of ancestral humans and their primate kin; how do you know they are human ancestors?

Question 12

Human Osteology/Skeletal Biology

Answer 12

the study of the skeleton and the patterns and processes of human growth, physiology and development; is it human? how old? Gender? Based on skeleton

Question 13

Paleo-Pathology

Answer 13

the study of the disease in ancient human populations

Question 14

Bio-Archaeology

Answer 14

the study of human remains in an archaeological context; what was life like in the past?

Question 15

Forensic Anthropology

Answer 15

the study of human remains applied to a legal context

Question 16

Scientific Method

Answer 16

Systematic Approach to get knowledge which is used to investigate the natural world

Steps: observation, questioning, forming hypotheses, experimentation, data analysis, and drawing conclusions

Question 17

Hypothesis

Answer 17

provisional explanation of what is occuring

Question 18

Theory

Answer 18

well substantiated through data analysis, observation

Question 19

Evolution

Answer 19

the study of biological and cultural changes in humans over time, drawing on evolutionary theory to understand the processes that shape human diversity and behavior

Question 20

Linnaeus

Answer 20

Father of taxonomy, created Binomial nomenclature (use of physical traits to organize organisms), Believer in fixity of species

Question 21

Fixity of Species

Answer 21

Hierarchy is same and no species will change and evolve

Question 22

Lamarck

Answer 22

• Inheritance of acquired characteristics
• Said individuals could get this not populations tho

Question 23

Uniformitarianism

Answer 23

Same geologic processes shaping the Earth today have been at work throughout earth’s history

Question 24

Catastrophism

Answer 24

earth has been shaped by sudden short lived violent events

Question 25

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 25

Rapid increase in number of species with common ancestor, characterized by great ecological and morphological diversity

Question 26

What are the key premises of Natural Selection?

Answer 26

- Trait in question must be INHERITED - Trait in question must show VARIATION between individuals - The ENVIRONMENT must exert some PRESSURE on the trait

Question 27

What does Natural Selection operate on?

Answer 27

- Survival of the fittest - Fitness = reproductive success

Question 28

What does evolution operate on?

Answer 28

- All organisms have potential for explosive pop growth and pop are stable => struggle for existence - Nature is full of variation -> some variations are favored

Question 29

What is Darwin's greatest contribution?

Answer 29

How change occurs over time and explaining it in comprehensive manner

Question 30

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 30

a natural selection process that favors average traits over extreme traits

Question 31

Directional Selection

Answer 31

a natural selection process that favors average traits over extreme traits

Question 32

Disruptive Selection

Answer 32

occurs when both extreme traits are favored in an environment

Question 33

What does