ANTH Final Exam

Question 1

Displacement

Answer 1

Refers to things removed in time and space

Question 2

Sapir

Answer 2

Whorf hypothesis

named after two linguists

Idea that language can directly influence culture

Question 3

Descriptive linguistics

Answer 3

Focus on the component parts of language, how it is put together

Question 4

Morphemes

Answer 4

Smallest unit of sound that carry a meaning

Question 5

Phoneme

Answer 5

The smallest class of sounds that make a difference in meaning

Question 6

Phonology

Answer 6

Study of the building blocks of a language, how phonemes are put together

Question 7

Grammar

Answer 7

The entire formal structure of language. The rules of a language

Question 8

Historical Linguistics

Answer 8

The study of language as it changes over time

Question 9

Sociolinguistics

Answer 9

• How language is used in particular social contexts

- Sociolinguistics explicitly addressing relationship between language and culture

Question 10

Forms of Political Organization

Answer 10

• Band
• Tribe
• Chieftain
• State

Question 11

Band Level Societies

Answer 11

• Tend to be very egalitarian
• Very little political integration
• Leadership roles are very informal; based on individual personality

A small group of people related by blood or marriage, who live together and are loosely associated with a territory in which they forage

Question 12

Tribe

Answer 12

A group of nominally independent communities that occupy a specific region and share a common culture and language. Tribes have some unifying factor

Question 13

Chiefdoms

Answer 13

A society with social ranking in which political integration is achieved through an office of centralized leadership called the chief.

Question 14

State Level Societies

Answer 14

A hierarchical centralized form of political organization in which a central government has a legal monopoly over the use of force.

Question 15

Religion

Answer 15

Beliefs and behaviors by which people try to control the area of the universe that is beyond their control

Question 16

Monotheism

Answer 16

One god

Question 17

Polytheistic

Answer 17

Multiple deities

Question 18

Pantheon

Answer 18

Multiple gods or goddesses

Question 19

Ancestor Worship

Answer 19

Belief that ancestors take on active interest in the living

Question 20

Animism

Answer 20

Belief in spirit beings that live in nature

Question 21

Animatism

Answer 21

World is inhabited by impersonal supernatural powers

Question 22

Individualistic

Answer 22

Each person has own relationship with spirit world

Question 23

Shemanistic

Answer 23

Religion mediated through part time specialists

Question 24

Shemans

Answer 24

Part time religious specialists who have a unique power

Question 25

Communal

Answer 25

Transmitted through the group

Question 26

What functions does religion serve?

Answer 26

- Sense of purpose - Provides guidance - Provides an ordered framework - Sets precedents for acceptable behavior - Education into ways of the group

Question 27

Race

Answer 27

Groups of people who have differences in biological traits deemed by society to be socially significant

Question 28

Ethnicity

Answer 28

Group of people who identify with each other based on commonalities of language, history, culture, Etc

Question 29

Eugenics

Answer 29

Improving human population through controlled breeding

Question 30

Outcomes of Eugenics

Answer 30

Forced Sterilization Germany-250,000 people murdered or sterilized