Anthro and Body Comp

Question 1

what are the four types of tissue the body is made of

Answer 1

-nervous
-epithelial
-muscle
-connective

Question 2

give an example of each type of body tissues

Answer 2

-nervous
brain, spinal cords, nerves

-epithelial
lining of GI tract

-muscle
cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle

-connective
tendons, bone

Question 3

what are the three major structural components the body is made up of

Answer 3

-muscle
-skeleton (bone)
-fat

Question 4

what does the distribution of the three major structural components of the body depend on

Answer 4

-age
-sex
-genetic characteristics
-lifestyle

Question 5

what is the body mass formula

Answer 5

body mass= fat mass+lean body mass

Question 6

fat free mass

Answer 6

parts that don’t have fat and are mainly comprised of muscle, bone, connective tissue, organs

Question 7

what is the two component model

Answer 7

fat mass vs fat free mass with the muscle, bone, connective tissue, organs

Question 8

what is the four component model

Answer 8

fat vs fat free mass that includes water, minerals, protein (chemicals)

Question 9

anthropometry

Answer 9

measurement of bodysize and proportions to understand human physical variation and body comp

Question 10

give examples of anthropometry

Answer 10

-skinfold thicknesses
– Circumferences
– bony widths and lengths – Height
– body weight

Question 11

why assess body comp?

Answer 11

-monitors changes in growth, aging, and maturation to distinguish normal from disease states (obesity, malnutrition etc)
-help establish optimal ranges for athletes
-track goals for weight management

Question 12

disease states

Answer 12

-obesity
-malnutrition
-sarcopenia
-belimia
-anorexia
-matablic disorders
-hormonal imbalances

Question 13

conditions associated with excessive thinness

Answer 13

-osteoproirsis
-fluid-elocrttlyte imbalances
-reproductive disorders

Question 14

conditions ascociated with overweight

Answer 14

-type ll diabetes
-hypertension
-stroke

Question 15

name 4 eating disorders

Answer 15

-anorexia nervosa
-bulimia nervosa
-binge eating disorder
-female athlete triad

Question 16

what are three key factors that play a role in eating disorders?

Answer 16

-genetic
-social
-phycological

Question 17

functions of essential fat

Answer 17

-required for physiological functioning
-synthesis of certain hormones
-transport of fat-soluble

Question 18

storage fat

Answer 18

fat that is stored in adipose tissue for energy supply

Question 19

What does “android” fat deposition refer to

Answer 19

-apple shape
-accumulation of excess fat in the upper torso and abdomen, typically seen in males.

Question 20

What is the “gynoid” fat deposition pattern

Answer 20

-pear shape
-involves excess fat accumulation in the thighs, hips, and buttocks, commonly found in females

Question 21

How does fat distribution differ between sexes

Answer 21

Fat distribution is sex-specific; males tend to have an android pattern (fat in the abdomen), while females typically have a gynoid pattern (fat in the hips and thighs)

Question 22

What change occurs in fat deposition for females after menopause

Answer 22

females begin to deposit more fat in the abdominal area, shifting from a gynoid to an android pattern

Question 23

Why is understanding fat deposition patterns important

Answer 23

helps assess health risks associated with body fat distribution, such as increased risk of metabolic diseases in android-type individuals

Question 24

what does essential fat do

Answer 24

-synthesis of certain hormones
-transport of fat soluble vitamins

Question 25

what does storage fat

Answer 25

fat the is stored in adipose tissue for energy supply purposes

Question 26

causes for obesity

Answer 26

-caloric intake -decreased physical activity -genetics/epigenetics -social environment

Question 27

name three things that occur when you age

Answer 27

-increased fat mass -sarcopenia -decrease bone mass

Question 28

how can you "slow down" aging process

Answer 28

by regular excerise

Question 29

body density formula

Answer 29

density=mass/volume

Question 30

what does it mean in terms of body density when you have a greater amount of fat

Answer 30

lower body density

Question 31

body fat formula

Answer 31

%fat= (4.5/body density)x 100

Question 32

what was the problem with hydrostatic weighing int he olden days

Answer 32

cadaverstudieshaveshownthatthedensityofthenonfat compartment varies as a function of: * age,sex,andracialgroup non fat density value of 1.10g/ml is not universally applicable -learned that densiometrey is not good for universal criterion for fat prediction

Question 33

what does BMI not consider?

Answer 33

-body comp -fat distribution -amount of visceral fat -racial groups -overwight does not always mean fat. it defies not diffierante body comp

Question 34

electrical impedance

Answer 34

how much a material resists the flow of electric current. In the context of the human body, it is often measured in ohms

Question 35

electrical impedance analysis

Answer 35

-Impedance is greater in adipose tissue (14 - 22% water) than in bone and muscle (71 - 75% water). -The higher the electrical impedence, the fatter the subject.àsubject less conductive

Question 36

what is the percentage error of skin fold measurements

Answer 36

3-4%

Question 37

what is the O-scale system

Answer 37

-combats skinfold error -uses 8 skin folds,10 girths, 4 skin fold corrected, 2 bone breadths -uses stannic scores (1-3 is low, 4-6 is average, 7-9 is high)

Question 38

what procedures need to be done before taking the bioelectrical impedance analysis

Answer 38

-water retention standardized (no drinking prior)

Question 39

what is the error percentage of the bioelectrical impedance analysis

Answer 39

3-5%

Question 40

what is DEXA

Answer 40

-body comp technology -very accurate -very expensive -time consuming

Question 41

what other procedures similar to DEXA are there

Answer 41

-mri and CT scans -but lots of radiation -lots of money -time consuming -limited machinery