Anthro Final Exam Notes

Question 1

What is a dastaar?

Answer 1

A turban work by Sikh men and increasingly Sikh women

Question 2

What is a pastoralist?

Answer 2

The term describing cultures based on animal herding

Question 3

What is bride-wealth?

Answer 3

In pastoralist cultures, the value a bride brings to a marriage, in the form of cattle transferred from bride’s family to groom’s family

Question 4

What is a genitor?

Answer 4

In pastoralist cultures the biological father of a child

Question 5

What is a pater?

Answer 5

In pastoralist cultures, a female who acts as the legal father of a child

Question 6

What is the Taliban?

Answer 6

The governing group that came to power in Afghanistan in 1994 and introduced strict Islamic laws

Question 7

What is a fundamentalist?

Answer 7

People who believe religious laws must be strictly interpreted and that no compromise should be made w/ modern society

Question 8

What is a burqah?

Answer 8

Head to foot clothing worn by females in some Islamic countries like Afghanistan

Question 9

Who created the Psychosexual theory? What is it?

Answer 9

Sigmund Freud

Id is impulsive, superego encourages us to obey norms. Whichever dominates determines who we are. Our development depends on how we deal with sexual functions. If we deal well, we become happy.

Question 10

Who created the cognitive development theory? What is it?

Answer 10

Jean Piaget, Piaget’s work the research of Kohlberg and Gilligan

We go through a series of chronological development stages and the self will emerge step by step as a person masters each stage.

Question 11

Who created the social experience theory? What is it?

Answer 11

Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead

Self does not exist at birth. Self-development emerges from how other people see us. We have two parts, the “I” which initiates social actions and the “Me” the objective part which plays the role of the other person

Children’s social development is vital to their development of the Me-self

Question 12

Who created the psychosocial development theory? What is it?

Answer 12

Erik Erikson

Typical human life divided into 8 stages and in each stage, you face a conflict between personal wants and societal expectations. The self emerges as we resolve each crisis point of conflict, for better or worse.

Question 13

Who created the moral development theory? What is it?

Answer 13

Lawrence Kohlberg

Ability to judge morality of actions develops through stages as our brain develops.

Question 14

Who created the gender-based theory? What is it?

Answer 14

Carol Gilligan

Male moral development occurs from a justice perspective, they consider formal rules and abstract principles to be important in defining right and wrong actions

Females have a “care and responsibility” perspective. Judge actions based on how those actions affect personal relationships and loyalties.

Ex: boy sees stealer and says it wrong, going for punishment. Girl will wonder why they did it and want to help them

Question 15

What are ferals? What are isolates?

Answer 15

Human children raised by wild animals such as wolves

Children raised in almost total isolation within human households

Question 16

What are norms?

Answer 16

The behaviors society expects from its members

Question 17

What is a manifest function? What is a latent function?

Answer 17

M: the visible purpose of an institution

L: the hidden purpose of an institution

Question 18

What is socialization?

Answer 18

The lifelong process through which humans learn the skills and attitudes they need to function in society

Question 19

What is sapienization?

Answer 19

The anthropological term for the process of learning about the components of society (marriage and family) that make society distinctly human

Question 20

What is primary socialization? What is secondary socialization?

Answer 20

P: the process of learning how to function in society at the most basic level

S: the process of learning how to function in group situations

Question 21

What is anticipatory socialization?

Answer 21

The process of learning how to think ahead and to plan appropriate behavior in new situations

Question 25

What is resocialization?

Answer 25

The process in which society replaces negative aspects of a person’s behavior with new learnings

Question 26

What are some research methods?

Answer 26

Historical study
Consulting with experts
Statistical analysis
Lab analysis 
Participant observation

Question 27

What is reliable research?

Answer 27

An experiment/observation that, if repeated, will produce identical results

Question 28

What are informants?

Answer 28

Members of a group who provide info to social scientists who are studying the group

Question 30

What is a peer group?

Answer 30

Social group whose members are similar in age and status and share similar interests

Question 31

What are total institutions?

Answer 31

Institutions such as prisons that are designed to give individuals new positive socialization experiences to replace negative results of prior socialization

Question 32

What is a degradation ceremony?

Answer 32

An embarrassing ritual that some total institutions force members to take part in in order to weaken members’ identities

Question 33

What are vague notes?

Answer 33

Notes that, because they provide only a sketchy description of an incident, are unusable at a later date for drawing conclusions

Question 34

What are concrete notes?

Answer 34

Detailed notes that provide a full description of an incident, including participants, locations, tone and conclusion

Question 35

What is reflexivity?

Answer 35

Analyzing one’s own thought processes and belief structures to understand how these affect how they interpret their observations

Question 36

What is informed consent?

Answer 36

The requirement that subjects must understand and agree to their participation in an experiment or observation before the results can be used

Question 37

What is an IQ?

Answer 37

Intelligence quotient

Measurement of a person’s general intelligence, obtained through written tests and comparisons of the results of the test w/ data on average intelligence

Question 38

What is the regression to the mean?

Answer 38

Intelligence, while not inherited, is distributed consistently throughout a population from generation to generation

Question 39

What is the double-blind principle?

Answer 39

Experimental practice in which neither the experimenter nor the subject know to which group (the control or experimental group) the subject belongs

Question 40

What is heritable?

Answer 40

A characteristic that is acquired through the genes

Question 41

Explain what constitutes a good survey.

Answer 41

cover letter, instructions, Classifying questions, Multiple choice (looking for facts), intensity questions (looking for feelings), free response

Simple language, short questions, minimum number of questions, don’t ask leading questions, don’t use subjective terms, pre-test

Question 42

What are the manifest and patent functions of family, total institutions and school?

Answer 42

Family
M: financial and moral support system for members; teach children how to behave and be independent
L: pass down moralities/ethics/behavior (abuse); influence future relationships and partners in life

School
M: educate students; teach responsibility and real life skills
L: socialize to understand and cooperate with strangers and people we don’t like; control children and teenagers outside of the home

Total Institutions
M: resocialize and rehabilitate; teach how to deal with discipline and learn from it
L: violence in response to normal stimuli; brainwash people to be complacent thoughtless followers