Anthropod Zoonotic Viruses Flashcards
(37 cards)
Structure of rotaviruses
Non-enveloped, segmented double stranded RNA
What are the major complications of rotavirus infection?
Dehydration and accompanying hyponatremia
Where (in the body) do rotaviruses replicate?
Villus cells of duodenum and proximal jejunum
Is there a vaccine for rotavirus?
Yes (RotaTeq and Rotarix). Also used to be rotashield, but removed due to intestinal obstruction
Structure of Norwalk viruses
Small, non-enveloped, single stranded RNA
Norwalk viruses and rotaviruses are generally very similar. In one antibodies confer long lasting protection, in one they are minimally protective. Which is which?
In rotaviruses type-specific antibodies are made which are long lasting and probably protective. In Norwalk viruses antibodies appear to have minimal protective effects
Name a norwalk-like virus
Noroviruses
What are by far the largest causes of infant hospitalizations during winter in the US?
RSV and Rotaviruses (each about 50 percent of hospitalizations)
Noroviruses and Norwalk have symptomatology similar to what class of viruses and what is the symptomatology?
Rotaviruses. First vomiting for 1-3 days then diarrhea for 5-8 days (this is course for rotaviruses, course in noroviruses similar but shorter)
What is the primary difference between rotaviruses and norwalk-like viruses?
Rotavirus mostly infects infants, norwalk and norwalk-like viruses tend to infect slightly older children
Structure of togaviruses
Positive sense single stranded RNA, enveloped, replicates in cytoplasm
Structure of Flaviruses
Positive sense single stranded RNA, replicates in cytoplasm, released through ER
Five major classes of arthropod/zoonotic viruses
Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae, Filoviridae
What family of virus causes the equine encephalitides and how are they transmited?
Caused by togaviridae (specifically alphaviruses). Transmitted by mosquito from bird/small animal reservoirs to horses and humans
What virus family causes St Louis Encephalitis and what disease is it similar to?
Caused by Flaviviridae (specifically flavivirus) and disease is similar to equine encephalitides
What are the two patterns of yellow fever transmission and which more closely involves humans
Jungle yellow fever (monkey-mosquito-monkey) and Urban yellow fever (human-mosquito-human)
From where does yellow fever get its name and what is the most common cause of death in yellow fever?
From jaundice due to destruction of liver cells, death may occur from necrosis of liver or kidney
Which viral disease includes black vomitus?
Yellow fever (caused by hemorrhagic phenomena). However, if pt survives, yellow fever has no sequelae
What type of vaccine exists for yellow fever?
Live attenuated virus vaccine
What is another name for Dengue fever and where does this name come from?
Breakbone fever, is a reference to the severe joint and muscle pain associated with the disease
Where in the body does dengue fever replicate?
In small blood vessels (causing endothelial swelling, perivascular edema, and mononuclear cell infiltration)
How is hemorrhagic dengue fever different from dengue fever?
Hemorrhagic occurs in individuals with maternal antibody or those infected with heterologous strains of dengue, and begins as does regular dengue but then proceeds to coagulation abnormalities, hypovolemic shock, bleeding
What type of vaccine is available for dengue fever?
None
What is the structure of bunyaviruses?
Triple-segmented, negative sense ssRNA, enveloped, replicates in cytoplasm, release by budding through Golgi
