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Intro to Anthro, Psych, Soc > Anthropology Quiz Review > Flashcards

Anthropology Quiz Review Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is Physical Anthropology

A

Biological study of human speicies

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2
Q

What did Charles Darwin do to contribute to antrhopology

A

Studied variation of species and how they lived idfferenly

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3
Q

Summerize the finch study and what we learned

A

There’s different types of finches, and each finch has different sized beaks. This is to adapt to the different food provided in each enviroment

Big beak birds eat walnuts and small beak birds eat chia seeds

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4
Q

What is the theroy fo evoultion

A

Natural sleection; evolution is based on reprudctive success of indivudal speices adapatabiity to enviroment. Doesn’t create traits but elimated unfavored ones

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5
Q

What is adapatation

A

Adjustment of organism because of enviroment

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6
Q

What is an example of adapatation

A

Places wherre there’s more sickel cell amenia are tropical places because people with sickle cell can tolerate malaria better

Black death caused mutation in europeons to resisit HIV better

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7
Q

How do body types relate to survival

A

Short people presevre heat and tall people dispense heat

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8
Q

How do skin colors relate to survival

A

light skin = sunburn = no UV resistenace
dark skin = tan = UV resistance

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9
Q

What is melanin

A

Based on melanocytes loated basel layer of epidermis
Determines skin color

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10
Q

Where do skin colors get darker?

A

People closer to the ewuator are darker and also people in snow and ice because albedo effect

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11
Q

What are species

A

Organisms produce fertile offspring amogunst themsleves

Exceptions - horse + donkey = mule which is unfertile

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12
Q

What are factors of genetic chagne in population

A
  1. Random mutation - presists if gene benefitsd
  2. Gene flow - new genes can enter/leave population
  3. Genetic drift - chance of gene appearing in small population
  4. Sleection - ppl wil certain genes reproduce more because next gen repersetns that gene
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13
Q

Waht is peppered moth study

A

Differnt varation of same species
Light moths camo on tree bark
Envirometn changed which led to trees turning black and now blakc moths have upper hand
Therefore, evo is genetic change as adapation to new enviroment conditions

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14
Q

What are primatologists

A

Study anatomy, behavior of primates

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15
Q

How to study primates

A

Natural habitats and labs
1. Lived in their conditions and waited to get close to understand behavior
2. Copied aniaml’s gestures and eat theri food to gain trust

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16
Q

Why should we study primates

A

similarities to apes and humans means those actrions are present in ancestors 7mya according to Louis Leeky

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17
Q

What did Jane Goodall study

A

Chumps in tanzania

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18
Q

What did Dian Fossay study

A

Gorrilas in rwanda

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19
Q

What did Birute Galdikas study

A

Orangutans in Boreno

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20
Q

What did Jane Goodall Learn

A

Chimps use tools
Redefine what is man

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21
Q

What did Smithsonian Learn

A

Chimps ahev different personality and tested chimps to get honeyu from terminate moud. One chuimp figured it out and the rest followed

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22
Q

Similarities with Human and Great Apes Senses

A

Rely on vision - occipitual lobe is important and takes up a 1/3 of brain showing sight is important to us
Seterostopic vision - combine images from two eyes. They face foward because we don’t need to worry about predators behind us since WE are predators
Flat face = lack of smell
Movement - primates are sometimes quadrupedal except for humans

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23
Q

Similarities with Human and Great Apes MOvement

A

Limbs are more fliexable than other mammals for climbing trees
Prehandsile hands - can grab objects, move certain finger and toes for climbing trees
Opposable thumbs - ability to touch thumbs to the tip of each others finger to grip small fingers

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24
Q

Similarities with Human and Great Apes Reproduction

A

1-2 offpsring at a time because of long childhood, larger brain, hows importance of learning

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25
Similarities with Human and Great Apes Intelligence
Large brain comapred to body; shows intelligence Primates - largest relative brain size. human brains are x3 larger than primates but brain size isn't always related to intelligence (dolphins)
26
Similarities with Human and Great Apes Behavior Patterns
Social creatures Mainly spent time in trees Indivdual identities and status are imporant in groups (dominance hiarchy) Primate adaptation is from boreal enviroment
27
What is the habitat and Society of Bonobos
Native to congo and live in egolitarian socewities and emhisze in happy/gentle behavior Sexual behavior is form of communication and conflict resolution
28
What are physical traits of bonobos
Smaller and more peaceful than chimps. Walk bipdepally in long distances. Similar movement to Australopithecines
29
What does the Kanzi case study prove
Can understand human langauge; start, maintain, extinguish fire; use and recognize dangers in shapr objects; uses tools; can perofmr human tasks
30
What is are hominids
In a family of bipedal primate mammals, humans, great apes, extinct ancestral
31
What are hominins
Taxonomic Tribe of hominds that includes recent humans with extinct ancesters
32
What are the types of pre-exisitng apes
1. Ardipithecus 2. Australopithecus 3. Homo 4. Paranthropus
33
Why is there more speciies of homo than other genuses?
When countries are formed, they took on differnt enviroments so homos adapated
34
Differences with Human and Great Apes Physical Traits
Teeth: Apes - large canines Humans - small canines, small molars Saggital Crest: Apes - Present, especially in males (to eat harder foods) Humans - none Brain Case: Apes - under 1000ml Humans - over 1000ml Limb Strength: Apes - Arms stronger than legs Legs - Legs stronger than arms Feet: Apes - Prehensile Humans - Non-prehensile Hips/Gait: Apes - not rountinely bipedal Humans - bipedal Face: Apes - flatter face Humans: Prominent nose
35
What are Game Changers in Homo Sapiens?
Fire Tools Bipedalism Agirculture Group/family
36
Why are Primates Bipedal?
Scout for easier food/predators Ground = danger! Bipedal = tallness Can carry things More efficient Cool down body faster
37
What is human vs ape traits of Australopithecus Anamensis
Human - bipedal Ape - Canines - bigger in males
38
What are game changers of Australopithecus Anamensis
Bipedalism
39
What is human vs ape traits of Australopithecus Afarensis
Human - bipedal Ape - flat nose, brain size, sagittal crest, canines
40
What are game changers of Australopithecus Afarensis
Bipedal
41
What is human vs ape traits of Australopithecus Africanus
Human - bipedal, smaller teeth Ape - Long arms, flat nose
42
What are game changers of Australopithecus Africanus
Bipedal
43
What is human vs ape traits of Paranthropus Robustus & Boisei
Ape - Sagittal Crest, Huge Canines
44
What are game changers of Paranthropus Robustus & Boisei
N/A
45
When did Homo Sapiens appear?
2.8-2.75 mya
46
What are the species in homo genus?
Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo heidelbergensis Homo neanderthals Cro-magnon Homo-maledi
47
What Human and Ape traits Homo habilis has
Human: Bipedal, Slihgtly bigger brain Ape: Brain still small (680ml), Long arms, flat face 2.3-1.4 mya
48
What are game changers Homo habilis have
Tools and bipedal
49
What Human and Ape traits Homo Heidelburgensis has
Human: Rituals (religion?), Tools, Face isn't flat, Saggitial Crest gone Ape: Brow bone, shorter bodies to preserve heat
50
What Human and Ape traits Homo Erectus has
Human - BIgger brain (900ml), migration, long legs, same skull shape, empathy Ape: Brain is still less than 1000ml 1.89mya - 70000ya
51
What are game changers Homo Erectus have
Varied tools, families, Emigration = reproductive success since predators never ate humans before
52
What are traits Neanderthals possess/what did they do?
Big nose to fhumdify cold dry air, stocky build to preserve warmth, good sense of smell Fancy tools, fire, clothes, hunted amimals Buried dead with flowers Evidence of adbtract thought Breeded with sapiens but ppl with Neanderthal DNA have shizo, eating dis, cholestrol levels Arthritis in fossils = longer lifespan
53
What is cultural anthropology
How people divide and become different cultures
54
What is cultural Relativism
Made by Franz Boaz Cannot compare two cultures since each culture have internal rule Everyone sees other cultures through their POV of culture Bad becuse it can excuse harmful practices, moral paralysis
55
What is cultural evolutionism
Edward Burnett Tylor Each culture goes from savage -> barbaric -> Normal Assumed ethnocentric view Tech, enviro, material condition determine evolution Racist
56
What is Functional Theory
Bronislaw Malinowski All beleifs, action, or relatiomship in culture meets needs of people Interdependance = survivial Ignores conflict and power, justifies harmful traditions
57
What is cultural materialism
Culture = how it meets basic material needs Marivs Harris - influenced by Karl Marx and Thomas Malthus Culture is developed from trial and error basis Redcues culture to econ + survivial, ignore creatviity and emotions
58
3 Parts of cultural materialism
1. Infrastructure - What materials country has (How people survive) 2. Structure - This influences family, politics, econ, social systems. Organises how people live and work based on materials 3. Superstructure - Religion, Art, music; shaped from lower levels
59
Feminist Anthropology
1970 Ernestine Friedl - Forager soeities where freedom = more food you supply Beacuse men provided food therefore they have power Gendeer is culturally construcutred
60
Post Modernism
No "true" knowledge about world Reject idea of objective truth
61
Foraging Societies
Based on hunting and gathering Mobile lifestyle for seasonal resources Sahred labor in men and women Practiced reciprocity, sahring goods No hoarding food Group survival > Perosnal achievements Few social divisions
62
Agricultural Societies
Irrigation and fertil.ization for farming More food, social classes and settled life First Nations ppl were agricultral Caanda was this until 1920
63
Horticultural Societies
No intensive agirculture (no plowing, no irrgation) Semi-nomafdic - stay one place for few years before moving Goods collected centrally and shared
64
Post Industrial Societies
Begin in 1970s; sevice and info > goods Contact based, part time jobs in service sector Econ driven by info, not goods Globalization - products are made sold world-wide
65
Industrial Societies
Emerged in industrial revolution People worked for wages instead of subsistence Urbanization increase; soceity becomes more complex Kinship < Indivdual achievement
66
Pastoralism
Begin in neolithic period in middle east 9000 years ago Started domesting animals Settled farming -> mobile livestock Eurasia, Africa, adapted to unfarmable lands like grasslands and semi arid ares Nomadic/Semi Nomadic - move to find grazing lands Economic/Social Role - part of trade networks
67
What is Culture
Learned, Shared, Defines nature, Has patterns, Shapes perception and understanding world
68
What is nature
Human knowledge an lanaguge evolve along ecosystem Specieis lost = lost langauge and knwoeldge. Infleucnes cultural beleifs and practices, affects biodiveristy. Shapes how ppl understand the world
69
What is material culture
Food, dress, tool, shelter, art
70
What is non material culture
Family, politics, Econ other stuff

Intro to Anthro, Psych, Soc (5 decks)

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