Anthropology Review Sheet 1

Question 1

Paleoanthropology

Answer 1

The study of human background (fossils and genetics)

Question 2

Archaeology

Answer 2

The study of material culture-objects we make, use and give value to

Question 3

Cultural Anthropology

Answer 3

The study of living, developing cultures
Culture is fascinating and frustrating why?
1). Complex
2). Always changing
3). Invisible

Question 4

Culture

Answer 4

A set of learned behaviors and beliefs that humans use to create social networks

Question 5

Social Networks

Answer 5

Our complex matrix of relationships

Question 6

FOMO

Answer 6

Fear of missing out

Question 7

Three fundamental Q’s

Answer 7

1) What are our origins?
2) How do we explain human behavior?
3) How will the decisions we make today impact who we are tomorrow?

Question 8

What kind of behavior was most responsible for human survival?

Answer 8

Cooperation

Question 9

Dynamic culture

Answer 9

They change at different rates depending on values, changing constantly

Question 10

The Great Paradox of Culture

Answer 10

Culture limits our choices while at the same time allows us to become fully human

Question 11

4 Contributions made by Culture

Answer 11

1) Foundation of social identity-what makes you you?
2) Goals to pursue
3) Explanations of reality
4) The meaning of life, what makes life worth living

Question 12

Enculturation and purpose

Answer 12

The process of learning the appropriate beliefs and behaviors of a culture
Purpose- to reproduce culture

Question 13

3 Main ways we are encultured

Answer 13

• Ethics
• Laws and Customs
• Symbolic Communication

Question 14

Sanctions

Answer 14

Punishment for violations of behavior

Question 15

External Sanctions

Answer 15

Taking something away

ex being taken out of a group

Question 16

Internal Sanctions

Answer 16

Something that comes from the inside that isolates you from people

Question 17

The core value of a culture

Answer 17

TRUTH

Question 18

Reflexivity

Answer 18

Asking why we believe what we believe

Question 19

Cultural Relativism

Answer 19

Being understanding and looking at the world through different eyes

Question 20

Ethnocentrism

Answer 20

Disliking other cultures because of your beliefs

Question 21

Symbolic Communication

and ways it contributed to human survival

Answer 21

Abstract representation of reality used to explain or control the world

• remember the past
• control the present
• plan for the future
• recognize patterns in nature

Question 22

3 Main forms of Symbolic Communication

Answer 22

1) . Language
2) . Gestures
3) . Objects

Question 23

Explicit Symbols

Answer 23

One accepted meaning
Non Controversial
ex peace signs

Question 24

Implicit Symbols

Answer 24

Different meanings

Very controversial

Question 25

Swastika

Answer 25

- Ancient symbol for good luck - 1930's Germany Nazi's - Symbolizes hate, racism, murder

Question 26

Southern Culture

Answer 26

Confederate flag, justify it by calling it a southern thing

Question 27

Outlaw Culture

Answer 27

free, independent people, use confederate flag to represent their values

Question 28

Fieldwork

Answer 28

Firsthand gathering of information

Question 29

4 themes of Cultural Analysis

Answer 29

1) Adaptation and change 2) Similarities and differences 3) Specificity and holism 4) Connect local, regional, global

Question 30

Culture Shock

Answer 30

Feeling out of place

Question 31

Participant Observation

Answer 31

Becoming a member of the group

Question 32

Critical Phases in American Anthropology

Answer 32

- 1970's - 20th Century - Informants - Ethnographic Present - Power

Question 33

Applied Anthropology

Answer 33

Fieldwork projects that benefit those who you are working with

Question 34

Collaborative Anthropology

Answer 34

Fieldwork projects in partnership with the people you work with

Question 35

Nature

Answer 35

Determined by our genes, gender, ethnicity, nationality. In order to be a successful person, we must follow this predetermined nature

Question 36

Evolutionary Directives

Answer 36

Genetics are driven by our evolution and origins

Question 37

Limited Options

Answer 37

Creating laws telling us what we can't do

Question 38

Sociobiology

Answer 38

The study of social behavior in people

Question 39

Nurture

Answer 39

Ability to make choices | Gives humans the ability to determine the behaviors appropriate to their values

Question 40

Same Gender Marriage

Answer 40

Challenging the assumption that nature determined that there is one kind of relationship and that is between a man and a woman

Question 41

One Species

Answer 41

We are more similar than different

Question 42

How Are Humans Unique Article

Answer 42

- Human children perform better at social tests that have to do with communicating and reading emotions - Best way to get people to work together is by identifying an enemy, have "them" threaten you - Solution- find different ways to name a group

Question 43

High Population Density Article

Answer 43

- High population leads to culture explosions - Degree of skill they maintained depended on ideal population density - Human behavior-technological and culture - body decoration - hunting tools - languages

Question 44

Meat Eating Article

Answer 44

- Argues that Americans use dietary preferences to mark social similarities and differences - meat is manly - better meat is more expensive and cheap meat is cheap - better people can afford better meat - increase in vegetarianism

Question 45

Mask Article

Answer 45

- How to be responsible but friendly while wearing a mask | - Missing major communication piece