Anthropometry

Question 1

If an object or space is intended for human use, then its form and dimensions should be derived from those of the ___________, from the characteristics of the human senses and from the variable data of human experience.

Answer 1

Human body

Question 2

Basic definition of anthropometry:

Answer 2

The science of measurement of body size

Question 3

What is the application of scientific methods to human subjects for the development of design standards and specific requirements and for the evaluation of engineering drawings, mock-ups and manufactured products for the purposes of assuring the suitability of these products for the intended user population.

Answer 3

Anthropometry

Question 4

Classical anthropometric measurements include:

Answer 4

height, breadth, depth, distance, curvature, circumference, and reach

Question 5

Height, breadth, depth, distance, curvature, circumference, and reach are all examples of _________ anthropometric measurements

Answer 5

Classical

Question 6

A straight-line, point-to-point vertical measurement

Answer 6

Height

Question 7

A straight-line, point-to-point horizontal

Answer 7

Breadth

Question 8

A straight-line, point-to-point horizontal measurement running fore-aft the body

Answer 8

Depth

Question 9

A straight-line, point-to-point measurement between body landmarks

Answer 9

Distance

Question 10

A closed measurement following a body contour, usually not circular

Answer 10

Circumference

Question 11

A point-to-point measurement following a body contour, usually neither circular nor closed

Answer 11

Curvature

Question 12

Sources of anthropometric variability:

Answer 12

1. Growth, development, aging
2. Gender
3. Culture
4. Secular (historical)
5. Social class and occupation

Question 13

Obtaining anthropometric data, what are the considerations: 
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer 13

1. Sources (military, civilian)
2. Accuracy
3. Clothing Corrections (shoes make a difference in height)
4. Standard postures
5. Target population (who are you designing for?)

Question 14

Females tend to become taller earlier, but overall males will eventually be taller, this is an example of a source of variability in anthropometric measures, specifically…

Answer 14

Growth, development and aging

Question 15

Average stature across different countries, is this a source of variability in anthropometry?

Answer 15

Yes.

Question 16

Secular in terms of a source of anthropometric variability means…

Answer 16

Sources that are not related to religion or culture, such as urbanization, family size

Question 17

There is no such thing as an “average person”, a general rule to go along with this idea is to design so…

Answer 17

The smallest woman can reach and the largest man can fit

Question 18

Use three types of anthropometric information when designing:

Answer 18

1. Characteristics of user population
2. Ways in which these characteristics might impose constraints upon the design
3. Criteria that define an effective match between the product and the user

Question 19

The design process in determining the anthropometric limit: 
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Answer 19

1. Determine the user population
2. Determine relevant body dimensions
3. Determine the percentage of the population accommodated
4. Determine the percentile value of the selected anthropometric dimensions
5. Make necessary design modification to the data from the anthropometric tables
6. Use mock-ups or simulators to test design

Question 20

A ____________ is an observable, preferably measurable, characteristic of human beings, which has consequences for the design of a particular artifact.

Answer 20

Constraint

Question 21

A _________ is a standard judgment against which the match between user and artifact may be measured.

Answer 21

Criterion

Question 22

The four cardinal constraints:

Answer 22

1. anthropometrics
2. clearance
3. posture
4. reach

PRAC

Question 23

The idea that “one size fits all” is realistic in ergonomic design.

TRUE/FALSE

Answer 23

False!

Question 24

4 general adjustability approaches:

1. adjust ______
2. adjust ______
3. adjust ______
4. adjust ______

Answer 24

1. workplace
2. worker position relative the workplace
3. workpiece
4. tool

Question 25

Explain the difference between static anthropometric measurements and functional measurements

Answer 25

Static: standing height (not moving) Functional: reach zone (moving)

Question 26

Selection: fit the person to the job Job modification: fit the job to the worker Which strategy should you use?

Answer 26

job modification

Question 27

Sagittal Plane

Answer 27

body in left and right

Question 28

Coronal Plane

Answer 28

Body in front and back

Question 29

Transverse Plane

Answer 29

Body in top and bottom

Question 30

In the absence of data, female may be estimated as ____% of male.

Answer 30

93%

Question 31

``` Personal Space Intimate: 0-18" Personal: _____ Social: 4-12 feet Public: >12 feet ```

Answer 31

18-48"

Question 32

Personal space can vary widely based on...

Answer 32

gender, familiarity, and culture

Question 33

The 50th percentile is the _____

Answer 33

mean (average)

Question 34

To find percentile:

Answer 34

- Find the difference between the mean - Convert to standard units (divide by standard deviation) - Use table to find percentile

Question 35

To find dimension:

Answer 35

- Use table to find number of standard units from the mean - Convert to dimension measure (multiply by standard deviation) - Add or subtract mean