Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oncology > Anti Bacterial Practice Points 🦠 > Flashcards

Anti Bacterial Practice Points 🦠 Flashcards

1
Q

Class of b-lactams

A

Penicillins
Cephalicosporins
Carbapenems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natural penicillins

  1. Are active against?

And

  1. Indicated for what condition?
A
  1. Against STREPTOCOCCUS
  2. Indicated for: strep throat: pharyngitis, tonsillitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Natural penicillins

Medication name

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Penicillinase- resistant penicillins:

1
Active against?

  1. Indicated for?
A
  1. Streptococcus and staphylococcus
  2. Cellulitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins

Name medication

A

Flucloxacillin / dixloxacillin

*Oral or iv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aminopenicillins:

Active against?

Indicated for?

A
  1. Strep
  2. Few G-ve rods
    (Influenza)

*broken down by B-lactamases

Indicated for = pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aminopenicillins

Medication name

A

Amoxicilkin

Ampicillin = iv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name

B-lactamase Inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid
Tazobactam

Suicide Inhibitors
+
Increase gram -ve activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Penicillins and b-lacatamase Inhibitors:

A

Oral/iv amoxicillin + clauvanic acid = doesn’t cover pseudomonas

Iv Ticarcillin + clauvanic acid
Iv Piperacillin + tazobactam
= covers pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cephalosporins:

1st generation
Name?
Coverage?

A

Cefalexin (oral)

Gram +ve (strep and straph) and some Gram -ve (e coli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cephalosporins

2nd generation
Names

A

Cefaclor/cefuroxime (oral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cephalorsporins

3rd generation

Names
Coverage?

A

Ceftriaxone / cefotaxime (iv)

Covers Gram +ve and Gram -ve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cephalosporins

4th generation
Name

A

Cefepime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which part of the B-lactam structure causes ALLERGIES?

A

Due to R1 ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If allergic to AMOXICILLIN,
what else should be avoided?

A

Avoid

Cefalexin or cefaclor

(1st and 2nd gen cephalosporin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can ESBL inactivate?

A

All penicillins and cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name Carbapenems 3

A

Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Carbapenems cover?

A

Gram +ve, Gram -v and anaerobes

Except MRSA

REVESERVED for bacteria with ESBL

Can use if allergic to penicillins + blactamase inhibitor combo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MRSA is resistant to what?

A

Resistant to all B lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MOA of Glycopeptides

A

Inhibit transpeptidase to crosslink peptidoglycan

21
Q

Glycopeptides

Name 2

Coverage

A

Vancomycin (iv, oral)

Tecioplanin (iv)

Covers = G +ve Including MRSA

22
Q

Glycopeptides

ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

-nephrotoxicity
-ototoxicity
-rash with eosinophilia
-Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia

23
Q

What is the Redman syndrome?

A

When infusing VANCOMYCIN too quickly, not an allergic reaction

24
Q

Vancomycin monitoring:

If on for more than 48 hours:

AUC/MIC ratio predicts?

A

Vancomycin efficacy

25
Q

Quinolones

Name 3

A

Norfloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

26
Q

Quinolones

What does
Ciprofloxacin/ norfloxacin cover?

A

Gram -ve + pseudomonas

27
Q

Quinolones

What is norfloxacin ALONE INDICATED FOR

A

Norfloxacin has low serum levels

Used for UTI

28
Q

Quinolones

What does MOXIFLOXACIN cover

A

Gram +ve, Gram -ve, anaerobes, atypicals

Less pseudomonas activity

29
Q

Quinolones

ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

-peripheral neuropathy: tingling, pins and needles

-tendon damage

30
Q

Aminoglycosides

Name 3

A

Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin (inj)

31
Q

Aminoglycosides

Cover

A

Gram -ve rods

Severe kidney infections

32
Q

Aminoglycosides

adverse reactions

A

Nephrotoxicity = reversible
Ototoxicty

33
Q

Anti folates

Name 2

A

Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim

34
Q

Anti folates

Active against

Indicated for

A

Gram -ve bacteria

Used for UTIs
Concentrates in urine,prostate, vaginal fluid

35
Q

For anaerobic bacteria,

  1. Nitroimidazoles

Name 2

A

Metronidazole
Tinidazole

36
Q

For anaerobic bacteria,

  1. Nitroimidazoles

Are first line for which condition?

A

Necrotising gingivitis

Can add other antimicrobials to get anaerobic cover => for aspiration pneumonia

37
Q

For anaerobic bacteria,

  1. Nitroimidazoles

Important practice point?

A

Avoid alcohol during and 24 hrs after finishing course

38
Q

For anaerobic bacteria,

  1. Lincosamides

Coverage?

A

Gram +v3 (some MRSA) + anaerobes (except c.difficile)

39
Q

Why are LINCOSAMIDES great for allergies?

A

Can give if have
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins (superficial cellulitis)

40
Q

Lincosamides

Adverse reaction?

A

C.difficile associated disease!!!

= Causes most severe antibiotics related Dirrhoea! = fatal (spores survive months)

41
Q

What is Clostridium Difficile?

How to treat?

A

Gram +ve anaerobe

Treat = first line:
Metronidazole

If resistant to metronidazole, use Vancomycin orally

42
Q

Macrolides (mycins)

Name 4

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Roxithromycin

43
Q

Macrolides

Coverage

A

G +ve and G -ve
Mainly aerobic g +ve

And atypical bacteria (chlamydia)

*can be used in penicillin/,cephlasporin allergies

44
Q

Macrolides

Interactions?

A

Clarithromycin, erythromycin = inhibit CYP3A4

Clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin = inhibit p,gp

Clarithromycin = inhibits OATP 1B1

ALL INCREASE QT INTERVAL.

45
Q

What other effects do MACROLIDES have? Other than antibacterial

A

Immunomodulatory
Anti inflammatory

Used for Diffuse panbronchiolitis and cystic fibrosis

46
Q

Tetracyclines

Name 3

A

Tetracycline
Minocycline
Doxycycline

47
Q

Tetracyclines

Covers

A

Gram +ve and gram -ve
Also atypical bacteria (chlamydia)

48
Q

Tetracyclines

Used to treat ?

A

Pneumonia,

If atypical is suspected

49
Q

Tetracyclines

Councilling points

A
  1. Do not take antacids, Fe, Ca, Zn within 2 hours

= Decreases absorption = Binds to calcium deposits

  1. Take with food
  2. Remain upright after dose 30 mins
    = prevents gastric burns
  3. Best taken in the morning
  4. May increase sensitivity to light
    Use protective clothing and sunscreen

Oncology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions