Anti - bacterials, parasites, fungals, virals

Question 1

Isoniazid (IHN): class

Answer 1

antitubercular

Question 2

Isoniazid (IHN): Use

Answer 2

active (with other drugs) & latent TB (monotherapy), given 6-9 months

Question 3

Isoniazid (IHN): EPA

Answer 3

inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 4

Isoniazid (IHN): ADR

Answer 4

hepatotoxicity, N/V, peripheral neuropathy (B6 deficiency), CNS effects (dizzy, ataxia, seizures, psychotic)

Question 5

Isoniazid (IHN): RN interventions

Answer 5

monitor LFT, monitor jaundice, abdominal pain and GI symptoms, educate on when to call, medication adherence (take full course), avoid ETOH

Question 6

Isoniazid (IHN): contraindications

Answer 6

separate 1hr from antacids, avoid in clients with history of liver disease or ETOH abuse

Question 7

Rifamycins (Rifadin): class

Answer 7

Antitubercular

Question 8

Rifamycins (Rifadin): use

Answer 8

active and latent TB

Question 9

Rifamycins (Rifadin): EPA

Answer 9

broad spectrum antibiotic

Question 10

Rifamycins (Rifadin): ADR

Answer 10

hepatotoxicity, GI symptoms, bodily fluids turn reddish/orange

Question 11

Rifamycins (Rifadin): RN interventions

Answer 11

monitor LFT, monitor for hepatotoxicity, adherence, no ETOH

Question 12

Rifamycins (Rifadin): contraindications

Answer 12

interferes with oral contraception! Warfarin, avoid with liver disease or ETOH abuse

Question 13

metronidazole (Flagyl): class

Answer 13

Anti-parasitic: azole antibiotic

Question 14

metronidazole (Flagyl): use

Answer 14

Stomach, many forms and uses, bacterial infection, c. diff protozoal infections, adjuvant for H. pylori

Question 15

metronidazole (Flagyl): EPA

Answer 15

broad spectrum antibiotic - damages DNA of anaerobic bacteria

Question 16

metronidazole (Flagyl): ADR

Answer 16

GI most common, CNS, severe = seizures and peripheral neuropathy

Question 17

metronidazole (Flagyl): RN Interventions

Answer 17

with food for GI distress, monitor CNS effects, harmless darkening of urine, AVOID ETOH: causes disulfiram-like reaction

Question 18

metronidazole (Flagyl): contraindication

Answer 18

avoid: CNA disease, severe blood disorder, pregnant, many drug-drug interactions

Question 19

chloroquine: class

Answer 19

anti-parasitic: antimalarial

Question 20

chloroquine: use

Answer 20

treatment and prevention of malaria

Question 21

chloroquine: EPA

Answer 21

exact unknown

Question 22

chloroquine: ADR

Answer 22

none in low doses, higher does - active malaria = GI symptoms, HA, visual disturbances

Question 23

chloroquine: RN Intervention

Answer 23

monitor for and report visual disturbances, call provider about GI distress

Question 24

chloroquine: contraindication

Answer 24

none

Question 25

amphotericin B: class

Answer 25

anti-fungal: Polyene Antibiotic

Question 26

amphotericin B: Use

Answer 26

superficial and systemic fungal infections: candida, yeast, yeast-like fungi, only for fever severe

Question 27

amphotericin B: administration

Answer 27

IV form = amphotericin = very toxic! only given with severe systemic fungal infections

Question 28

amphotericin B: EPA

Answer 28

interrupt integrity of fungal cell wall

Question 29

amphotericin B: ADR

Answer 29

- amphotericin - closely monitor - common reaction during infusion: fever, chills, tachycardia, hypotension, HA, nausea - bone marrow suppression: RBCs, anemia - Nephrotoxicity: nephrotoxicity, BUN/CRE- IV fluids - Thrombophlebitis: monitor IV site

Question 30

amphotericin B: contraindication

Answer 30

nystatin for oral candidas (thrush) = swish and swallow

Question 31

ketoconazole: class

Answer 31

Anti-fungal: Azoles, "-azole" (monistat over the counter for yeast infection) (Lotimin over the counter for athletes foot)

Question 32

ketoconazole: use

Answer 32

superficial and systemic fungal infections, candida and tinea, athletes foot, jock itch, systemic = disseminated coccidiomycosis histoplasmosis

Question 33

ketoconazole: EPA

Answer 33

interrupt integrity of fungal cell wall

Question 34

ketoconazole: ADR

Answer 34

topicals: burning, itching, redness systemic: hepatotoxicity, GI symptoms, drowsiness, dizziness

Question 35

ketoconazole: RN Intervention

Answer 35

if systemic: monitor LFTs, MUST take with food for better absorption, interaction with antacid, PPIs, H2 blocks

Question 36

acyclovir (Zovirax): class

Answer 36

antiviral

Question 37

acyclovir (Zovirax): use

Answer 37

infections from herpes simplex virus, varicella, herpes zoster

Question 38

acyclovir (Zovirax): EPA

Answer 38

inhibits replication of viral DNA

Question 39

acyclovir (Zovirax): ADR

Answer 39

burning and itching topical, PO: GI symptoms, headache, and vertigo, IV: renal toxicity, thrombophlebitis, Rare: CNS toxicity, restlessness, tremors, psychosis, seizures

Question 40

acyclovir (Zovirax): RN Intervention

Answer 40

If IV - monitor BUN, CRE, given IV hydration, monitor IV site closely, topical form: wear gloves when applying

Question 41

acyclovir (Zovirax): contradiction

Answer 41

caution: dehydration, renal insufficiency, neurological disorders