Anti-cancer Flashcards by Lauren Nykanen

Chlorambucil

Alkylating agent

Less effective and less side effects than cyclophosphamide

Excreted through kidneys

Used for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, feline GI lymphoma

Mild myelosuppression

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cytosine arabinoside

Most commonly used in renal lymphoma, lymphoma rescue, CNS tumors

Crosses BBB

S phase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cisplatin

Causes fatal pulmonary edema in cats

Used for osteosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Doxorubicin

Cant get it outside of vein

Can cause anaphylaxis and cardiotoxicity

Used for lymphoma osteosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Methotrexate

S phase

Crosses BBB

Hepatic toxicity

GI and myelosuppression

Used for lymphoma, CNS tumors, and osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Procarbazine

Alkylating agent

Rescue protocol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carboplatin

Cell phase- non specific

Renal excretion

Safe for cats

Myelosuppression

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cyclophosphamide

Alkylating agent

Hepatic activation and renal excretion

Can cause myelosuppression, sterile hemorrhagic cystitis, and transitional cell carcinomas

Can have syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (hyponatremia)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lomustine

Alkylating agent

Completely absorbed

Crosses BBB

Can cause hepatic toxicity and myelosuppression

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mitoxantrone

Very expensive

May turn urine blue green

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Melphalan

Alkylating agent

Most commonly used for multiple myeloma
And lymphoma rescue

Causes myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do cancer drugs affect the most

DNA
“Genotoxic”

Will have affects on unborn fetuses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What must happen for chemotherapy to work

Cancer cells must be more sensitive to the drugs than the normal tissues

Otherwise there are major issues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Indications for chemotherapy

Systemic neoplasia (lymphoma)

Palliative for gross metastatic disease

Adjuvant to eradication of metastatic disease

Radio-sensitization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most sensitive cell type to chemo

Bone marrow

Then epithelial tissue then mesenchymal cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two biggest types of chemo drugs

Phase specific- vincristine, vinblastine (affect mitosis) cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate (affect DNA synthesis)

Phase non-specific- alkylating drugs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drug classification groups

Study These Flashcards

Alkylating agents- biggest and most commonly used group

Antimetabolites- methotrexate

Tumor antibiotics

Vinca alkaloids

Platinum derived (synthetic)

Hormones

Miscellaneous

Targeted therapy

Alkylating agents:

How do alkylating agents hurt cells?

what cell phase are they?

What/how side effects

What drugs fall into this category?

Study These Flashcards

DNA damage- cross link DNA and inhibit protein synthesis

Cell cycle nonspecific

Activates chemotrigger center to induce vomiting

Cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, melphalan, procarbazine, lomustine

Cyclophosphamide:

How is it activated? Excreted? Toxic effects?

Study These Flashcards

Hepatic activation

Renal excretion

Myelosuppression, GI, sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (main side effect)(caused by acrolein)
Avoid by taking out to pee immediately

How to prevent sterile hemorrhagic cystitis?

Study These Flashcards

Predisolone

Give antidote- MESNA

Stop if you see SHC

SIADHS

Study These Flashcards

Caused by cyclophosphamide toxicity

Rare

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

Chlorambucil:

Study These Flashcards

Doesn’t require hepatic activation

Substitute for cyclophosphamide

NO SHC

Needs to be kept cold

Melphalan

Study These Flashcards

Used for multiple myeloma

Will see thrombocytopenia as die effect as well as myelosuppression and GI upset

Lomustine

What is it?
What two things do I need to know about it?

Study These Flashcards

Alkylating agent (part 2); forms double stranded DNA breaks

Crosses BBB
Causes hepatotoxicity- protect with denamarin or alpha lipoic acid

What do i need to know about procarbazine

Its used as a rescue agent and is alkylating agent part 3

Cisplatin | Whats can it not be used in? Whats bad about it?

Platinum KILLS cats! Significant nephrotoxicity- pee is toxic

Carboplatin

Platinum More used than cisplatin Safe for cats

Antimetabolite agents What cell phase? Which drugs?

Cell phase specific- S phase Methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside

Methotrexate: What do I need to know about it- how do you reverse it?

Give folate Crosses BBB

Cytosine arabinoside- how to use it?

Through CRI Crosses BBB

Antibiotics What cell phase? Which drugs? How they work?

Non specific Doxorubicin Actinomycin D Mitoxoantrone Free radical damage and/or inhibition of topoisomerase II

Doxorubicin- side effects? Antidote?

Cardiotoxicity that looks like DCM Anaphylaxis esp SEVERE if given outside the vein Zinecard!

Mitoxantrone

Expensive Used when doxrubicin can't be used anymore Also don't want to get outside of vein

Actinomycin D

True sub for doxorubicin- not cardiotoxic

Plant alkaloids Which phase? Cross resistance? How does it work and which drugs?

Cell cycle phase specific- M phase No class cross resistance Prevent assembly of spindles- vincristine, vinblastine

Vincristine- whats important? (Side effects)

Its a vesicant and causes peripheral neuropathy and myelosuppression

Vinblastine- what's it used for?

Mast cell tumors

Hormones- how does it work? | Which drugs?

Inhibit DNA synthesis Prednisone- used for lymphomas (think how it decreases with stress leukograms)

L-aspariginase- how does it work? What cell phase? Effectiveness? What's nice about this? Think side effecs\ts

Targets asparagine so cancer cells cant make DNA but healthy cells are fine Nonspecific Veryy effective but can get anaphylaxis if used too much Doesn't cause myelosuppression by itself

Targeted therapy- what are they? What are they used for? Which drugs?

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors Used for mast cell tumors Toceranib (palladia) (targets KIT)

Masitinib

Not available and not FDA approved but same as toceranib

Tanovea- what is it What can you use it for? How does it work? Unique side effect?

Targeted drug therapy Only lymphomas Inhibits DNA polymerase Pulmonary fibrosis and skin issues

Anti-cancer Flashcards

(42 cards)