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Pharma > ANTI-DIABETIC AGENTS > Flashcards

ANTI-DIABETIC AGENTS Flashcards

1
Q

Transports and metabolizes glucose for
energy

A

INSULIN

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2
Q

Stimulates storage of glucose in the liver
and muscles (glycogen)

A

INSULIN

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3
Q

Signals the liver to stop the release of
glucose

A

INSULIN

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4
Q

Enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue

A

INSULIN

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5
Q

Accelerates transports of amino acids
into cells

A

INSULIN

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6
Q

Mechanism of Action
- primarily acts in the liver, muscle and adipose by attaching to the receptors on cellular membranes facilitating the
passage of glucose, potassium and
magnesium

A

INSULIN (ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS)

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7
Q

DERIVED FROM: Animal / human - pork ( one different amino acid) - beef ( four different amino acids)

A

INSULIN

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8
Q

ROUTE: subQ, IV, IM

A

INSULIN

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9
Q

SIDE EFFECTS & ADVERSE EFFECTS
SOMOGYI EFFECT - hypoglycemic conditions (2-4AM) ► Leads to Stimulate the release of hormones (cortisol, glucagons, and epinephrine) to increase blood glucose lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis

A

HYPOGLYCEMIC OR INSULIN SHOCK

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10
Q

Dawn phenomenon – requires increase
insulin dose in early morning hours due to
increased plasma glucose concentration
because of increased cortisol and growth
hormone secretion

A

HYPOGLYCEMIC OR INSULIN SHOCK

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11
Q

Manifestations of Dawn Phenomenon: H/A,
lightheadedness, nervousness, tremors, excess perspiration, cold clammy skin, tachycardia, slurred speech, memory lapses, confusion, seizure, blood glucose <60 mg/d

A

HYPOGLYCEMIC OR INSULIN SHOCK

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12
Q
  • Inadequate amount of insulin
  • Sugar cannot be metabolized, uses fatty
    acids for energy
A

KETOACIDOSIS (HYPERGLYCEMIC REACTION)

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13
Q

Manifestations: extreme thirst, fruity
breath,kussmaul breathing, rapid pulse, dry
mucous membrane, poor skin turgor, blood
glucose > 250 mg/dL

A

KETOACIDOSIS (HYPERGLYCEMIC REACTION)

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14
Q

Storing Insulin:
► Avoid exposure to extreme
temperature(should not be frozen or kept
indirect sunlight or a hot car)
► Before injection should be at room
temperature (less irritating to tissue)
► Unopened vials are refrigerated until
needed
► Once insulin has been opened: - At room
temperature for one month- In the refrigerator
for 3 months( lose their strength if otherwise)
► Pre- filled syringes should be stored in a
refrigerator and should be used within 1-2
weeks

A

AMBOT

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15
Q

insulin is delivered from the device through plastic tube with a metal or plastic needle placed sub-q

A

INSULIN PUMP

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16
Q
  • Needle less
  • delivered directly through the skin in the fatty tissue
  • delivered under high pressure(stinging,pain,
    burning and bruising may occur)
A

INSULIN JET INJECTORS

17
Q

T OR F: Insulin injected in the abdomen may be absorbed more rapidly than the other sites

A

TRUE

18
Q

Main area of injection:
abdomen, arms (posterior surface). thigh
(anterior surface) and hips

A

INSULIN INJECTION SITES

19
Q

depression under the skin surface; animal insulin

A

LIPOATROPHY

20
Q

a raised lump of knot on the skin surface

A

LIPOHYPERTROPHY

21
Q

T OR F: Systemic rotation within one anatomical
area is recommended to prevent lipodystrophy

A

TRUE

22
Q

T OR F: Do not use the same site more than
once in a 2 – 3 week period

A

TRUE

23
Q

T OR F: Injections should be 1.5 inches apart within the anatomical area

A

TRUE

24
Q

T OR F: Heat, massage and exercise of the
injected area can increase absorption
rates = hypoglycaemia Injection into the
scar tissue may delay absorption

A

TRUE

25
Q

AKA: Oral hypoglycemic drugs Indication: DM type 2

A

ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS

26
Q

stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete more insulin; increase the insulin receptors; increasing the ability of the cells to bind insulin for glucose metabolism

A

SULFONYLUREAS

27
Q

short- acting: tolbutamide(Orinase)

A

FIRST GENERATION SULFONYLUREAS

28
Q

intermediate acting: acetohexamide( Dymelor), tolazamide (Tolinase)

A

FIRST GENERATION SULFONYLUREAS

29
Q

long- acting: chlorpropamide(Diabinese)

A

FIRST GENERATION SULFONYLUREAS

30
Q

glimepiride (Amaryl); glipizide(Glucotrol)

A

2ND GENERATION SULFONYLUREAS

31
Q

decrease hepatic production of glucose from stored glycogen

A

BIGUANIDES (NON SULFONYLUREAS)

32
Q
  • Glucosidase Inhibitor
    –inhibit digestive enzyme in the small
    intestine responsible for the release of
    glucose from complex CHina diet
A

ALPHA (NON SULFONYLUREAS)

33
Q

stimulate beta cells to release insulin

A

MEGLITINIDES (NON SULFONYLUREAS)

34
Q

increase level of incretin hormones, increase insulin secretion, decreased glucagon secretion.

A

MODIFIER

35
Q

Metformin

A

BIGUANIDES (NON SULFONYLUREAS)

36
Q

acarbose; miglitol

A

ALPHA (NON SULFONYLUREAS)

37
Q

repaglinide ; nateglinide D. Incretin

A

MEGLITINIDES (NON SULFONYLUREAS)

Pharma (4 decks)

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