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GI Pharm > Anti-Emetics > Flashcards

Anti-Emetics Flashcards

1
Q

SCOPOLAMINE (Transderm Scop) Class

A

Anticholinergic; anti-emetic and anti-vertigo (dermal patch)

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2
Q

SCOPOLAMINE (Transderm Scop) MOA

A

blocks activity of acetylcholine at PSNS sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands, and CNS

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3
Q

SCOPOLAMINE (Transderm Scop) Indications

A

nausea, vertigo

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4
Q

SCOPOLAMINE (Transderm Scop) S/E

A

sedation, dry mouth, pupillary dilatation, constipation; confusion, urinary retention

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5
Q

MECLIZINE (Antivert) Class

A

antiemetic, H1 antagonist

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6
Q

MECLIZINE (Antivert) Indication

A

prevention and treatment of motion sickness

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7
Q

MECLIZINE (Antivert) MOA

A

central anticholinergic blockage in chemoreceptor trigger zone and decreases excitability of vestibular-cerebellar pathways which reduces motion sickness

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8
Q

MECLIZINE (Antivert) S/E

A

sedation, fatigue, vomiting, blurred vision

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9
Q

PROMETHAZINE (Phenergen) Class

A

Phenothiazine

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10
Q

PROMETHAZINE (Phenergen) Indication

A

Antiemetic, motion sickness, sedative

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11
Q

PROMETHAZINE (Phenergen) MOA

A

blocks CNS dopamine receptors (D2); competes for H1 receptors

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12
Q

PROMETHAZINE (Phenergen) S/E

A

VERY SEDATIN, confusion, delirium, extrapyramidal symptoms; cardiac arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention

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13
Q

HALOPERIDOL (Haldol) Class

A

Butyrophenones; typical antipsychotic

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14
Q

HALOPERIDOL (Haldol) Indication

A

antiemetic; schizophrenia, Tourette’s disorder; emergency sedation of agitated-aggressive patients (off label)

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15
Q

HALOPERIDOL (Haldol) MOA

A

blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic D1 and D2 receptors; also suppresses the reticular activating system (RAS) thereby reducing emesis

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16
Q

HALOPERIDOL (Haldol) S/E

A

agitation, akithesia, alteration of temp regulation, confusion; QT prolongation, EPS (tardive dyskinesia), NMS, anticholinergic effects

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17
Q

METOCLOPROMIDE (Reglan) Class

A

Benzamide; anti-emetic; prokinetic

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18
Q

METOCLOPROMIDE (Reglan) Indication

A

anti-emetic; diabetic gastroparesis, GERD

19
Q

METOCLOPROMIDE (Reglan) MOA

A

blocks D and 5-HT receptors in CRTZ

20
Q

METOCLOPROMIDE (Reglan) S/E

A

AV block, drowsiness, fatigue, diarrhea; Tardive dyskinesia, EPS (esp acute dystonic reactions initial 24-48h); pseudoparkinsonism; rarely NMS

21
Q

DEXAMETHASONE (Maxidex) Class

A

corticosteroid

22
Q

DEXAMETHASONE (Maxidex) Indication

A

anti-emetic; immune modulation

23
Q

DEXAMETHASONE (Maxidex) MOA

A

enhance effect of 5-HT3-receptor antagonists CRTZ

24
Q

DEXAMETHASONE (Maxidex) S/E

A

single dose regimen so minimal

25
Q

DRONABINOL (Marinol) class

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

26
Q

DRONABINOL (Marinol) Indication

A

appetite stimulant; anti-emetic (chemo related)

27
Q

DRONABINOL (Marinol) MOA

A

unknown

28
Q

DRONABINOL (Marinol) S/E

A

euphoria, dysphoria, sedation, dry mouth; tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension
Contra: hx schizophrenia, seizure disorders, hepatic disease

29
Q

ONDANESTRON (Zofran) Class

A

serotonin antagonist

30
Q

ONDANESTRON (Zofran) Indication

A

post-op, radiation and chemotherapy induced N/V

31
Q

ONDANESTRON (Zofran) MOA

A

peripheral and CRTZ 5-HT3 receptor blockade

32
Q

ONDANESTRON (Zofran) S/E

A

headache, dizziness, constipation, malaise, fatigue; QT prolongation, hypoxia
Contra: hypersensitivity; cardiac arrhythmias

33
Q

If we blockade central and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors, where are they located?

A

Intestinal vagal & spinal afferent nerves

34
Q

When is Odanestron most effective?

A

When pretreated, and on a scheduled bases.

35
Q

APREPITANT (Emend) Class

A

neurokinin-1 antagonist

36
Q

APREPITANT (Emend) Indicaiton

A

prevention chemo induced N/V; post-op N/V

37
Q

APREPITANT (Emend) MOA

A

blocks central NK1 receptors; augments anti-emetic effect of 5-HT3 receptor antagonism and corticosteroids

38
Q

APREPITANT (Emend) S/E

A

fatigue, nausea, constipation, muscle weakness, diarrhea

39
Q

Can we combine Aprepitant with anything else to prevent chemo induced N/V?

A

5-HT3 & corticosteroids

40
Q

LORCASERIN (Belviq) Class

A

peripherally-acting opioid antagonist

41
Q

LORCASERIN (Belviq) Indicaiton

A

opioid-induced constipation

42
Q

LORCASERIN (Belviq) MOA

A

Mu-opioid receptor antagonist (conjugated with PEG reducing its ability to cross BBB) so acts peripherally in GI tract

43
Q

LORCASERIN (Belviq) S/E

A

abdominal pain, headache, N/V/D

GI Pharm (5 decks)

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