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Pharmacology3💊 > Anti-epileptic > Flashcards

Anti-epileptic Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the phases of tonic-clonic generalized seizure?

A

1/ Flexion phase
2/Extension phase
3/Tremor phase
4/clinic phase.

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2
Q

Mouth held partly open, upward eye movement, involvement the extremities and being unconscious.
This describe which phase of the TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE:
Extension
Flexion
Clonic
Tremor

A

Flexion.

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3
Q 
Having tremors or shaking describe which phase of the TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE:
Flexion
Extension
Clonic
Tremor
A

Tremor.

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4
Q 
Extended back and neck and being apneic(cannot breathe),having contraction in the thoracic and abdominal muscle, this describe which phase of TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE:
Flexion
Extension
Clonic
Tremor
A

Extension.

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5
Q 
Having rhythmic jerks describe which phase of TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES:
EXTENSION 
FLEXION 
CLONIC
TREMOR
A

Clonic.

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6
Q

Being APNEIC describe which phase of of the TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE:

A

Extension

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7
Q

What is the situation the patient being on after the seizure?

A

Postictal.

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8
Q

Classification of epileptic seizures are?

A

1/ focal/particular seizure
2/Generalized seizure.
3/status epilepticus.

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9
Q

What is the name of the seizure class that lasts more that 20 minutes and the patient does not regain her/his consciousness between the two episodes of seizure where it’s life-threatening and needed an immediate medical treatment called what?.

A

STATUS EPILEPTICUS.

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10
Q

Plasma clearance of the anti-seizure drugs is relatively low T OR F??

A

T because the are mainly cleared by the the hepatic metabolism.

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11
Q

A prodrug when it is getting metabolized it becomes similar in actions to CARBAMAZEPINE but it has less induce metabolizing enzymes on other drugs , what is the name of the drug??

A

OXCARBAZEPINE

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12
Q

The CARBAMAZEPINE IS THE DRUG IF CHOICE TO TREAT BOTH THE PARTIAL SEIZURE AND GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE UNTIL NOW ,T OR F?

A

F,Because the newer agents displace it from this role.

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13
Q

What are the non-epileptic indications or use of CARBAMAZEPINE??

A

1/Trigeminal neurolagaia
2/Neuropathic pain
3/Bipolar depression
4/Manic-depressive illness.

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14
Q

Phenytoin is effective against many forms of partial seizure and generalized seizure also the Absence seizure T OR F?

A

F it int against absence seizure.

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15
Q

That drug is owned because of side effects and unpredictable pharmacokinetics behaviors it’s usage is declining,what is the drug?

A

Phenytoin because it’s kinetics are that it nonlinear kinetic which needs monitoring usually and Alison Narrow therapeutic index which means it reaches the toxicity faster.

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16
Q

Phenytoin is excreted directly to the urine after it metabolized in the liver T OR F?

A

F because phenytoin is first excreted in the bile then in the urine.

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17
Q 
Which of the following drugs that inhabit the metabolism of PHENYTOIN?
CIMETIDINE
ISONIAZID 
A AND B
RIFAMPIN
A

Both A AND B

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18
Q 
Which of the following drugs induce the metabolism of PHENYTOIN?
PHENOBARBITAL
CIMETIDINE
ISONIAZID 
NONE OF THE ABOVE
A

PHENOBARBITAL AND ALSO RIFAMPIN

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19
Q

PHENYTOIN induces the hepatic metabolism by enhancing CYP450 and decreasing the effects of other drugs what are these affected drugs?.

A

CARBAMAZEPINE
CLONAZEPINE
LAMOTRIGINE
BECAUSE ALL ARE METABOLIZED BY THIS ENZYMES SO THEIR METABOLITES WILL BE PRODUCED AND THE MAIN DRUG IS GONE AND THERE WILL BE NO EFFECTS.

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20
Q 
SUCRALFATE makes a surface in the gastric so reducing the absorption of which drug??
CARBAMAZEPINE 
PHENYTOIN
LAMOTRIGINE
CIMETIDINE
A

Phenytoin

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21
Q

T OR F

If giving the carbamazepine and phenytoin together their effects will be reduced !

A

True because they both enhance the CYP450 and already metabolized by Tipton and gives their metabolites so no more effects are present.

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22
Q 
An epileptic that is able to treat the ABSCNCE SEIZURE:
PHENYTOIN
VALPROIC ACID
CARBAMAZEPINE 
CIMETIDINE
A

Vlaproic acid

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23
Q

Non-epileptic indications of VALPROIC ACID?

A

1/Manic episodes
2/Bipolar disorders
3/prophylaxis of migraine headache

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24
Q

Which of these inhibit the metabolism of phenobarbital and increase its level in blood?

A

VALPROIC ACID

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25
T OR F | VALPROATE AND CARBAMAZEPINE INDUCE EACH OTHER METABOLISM??
T
26
``` Which of these drugs replaces the phenytoin form protein binding site and causes phenytoin toxicity: CARBAMAZEPINE PHENOBARBITAL VALPROIC ACID LAMOTRIGINE ```
VALPROIC ACID
27
Is these differences between PHENYTOIN and VALPROIC ACID IS TRUE DEPENDING ON THEIR SIDE EFFECTS?? VALPROIC ACID PRODUCING ALOPECIA AND PANCREATITIS WHILE PHENYTOIN PRODUCING HIRSITUM AND HEPATITIS
True GOOD JOB SOSO❤️❤️❤️❤️
28
Which of the following not an adverse effect of VALPROIC ACID?? 1/POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE 2/ MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES 3/SPINA BIFIDA 4/MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA (NEEDS FOLIC ACID) 5/WEIGHT GAIN
4/ MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA WHICH IS AN ADVERSE EFFECT OF PHENYTOIN
29
``` Which of the following not an adverse effects of CARBAMAZEPINE?? Anemia Aplastic anemia Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Alopecial ```
ALOPECIA which is an adverse effect of VALPROIC ACID
30
``` Which of the following is not an adverse effect of THE ETHOSUXIMIDE: GASTRIC DISTRESS EUPHORIA SKIN RASHES HICCUPS THROMBOCYTOPENIA ```
Thrombocytopenia which CARBAMAZEPINE
31
``` Which of the following are /is the drug of choice of ABSENCE SEIZURE: VALPROIC ACID ETHOSUXIMIDE LAMOTRIGINE A AND B only All of the above ```
All of the above
32
Which of these drug has no protein binding interaction?. Phenytoin Valproic acid Ethosuximide
ETHOSUXIMIDE
33
What are the actions of ETHOSUXIMIDE in high concentration??
1/sodium/potassium ATPase inhibitor 2/potentate GABA 3/depresses the cerebral metabolic rate
34
``` When the PRIMIDONE getting metabolized being converted to which anti-epileptic drugs?. Phenytoin Phenobarbital Carbamazepine Ethosuximide ```
Phenobarbital
35
Why phenytoin is preferred than phenobarbital?
Because the phenobarbital has same effects as phenytoin but phenytoin is free from SEDATIVE EFFECT.
36
To make the PHENOBARBITAL eliminated in urine faster just make the urine ACIDIC TRUE OR FALSE?.
False because the phenobarbital is a weak acid which make prefer an alkaline media so the urine should alkaline.
37
True or false: | Benzodiazepines drugs can be used as maintenance therapy?
False benzodiazepines cannot be used as maintenance therapy because of abuse and dependence effects that appear on patient.
38
Lorazepam has two mechanism of actions which are: 1/inhibit calcium channel type T 2/enhancing the GABA A receptor True or False???.
False , the clonazepam does
39
``` Which of these druhpgs is restricted to resistant patients with the other anti-epileptic drugs: Carbamazepine Phenytoin Phenobarbital Vigabatrin Valproate ```
Vigabatrin
40
``` The VUGABATRIN iduces which subtype of CYP450?. CYP2D6 CYP2C6 CYP2C9 CYP2C19 ```
CYP2C9
41
Which of the following is the adverse effect of VIGABATRIN : NYSTGMUS COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IRREVERSIBLE PERIPHERAL VISUAL FEILD DEFECT ALOPECIA
Irreversible peripheral visual field defects
42
``` Which of the following drugs it’s recommended use is limited to the intractable or hard epilepsy such the LENNOX GAUSTAT SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: VIGABATRIN LAMOTRIGINE FELBAMATE GABAPENTIN ```
FELBAMATE
43
FELBAMATE enhances the plasma concentration of other anti-epileptic drugs that taking concomitantly T OR F???
True
44
``` Which of the anti-epileptic drugs adverse effect is elevating the the liver enzymes: Phenytoin Phenobarbital Carbamazepine Valproate ```
Valproate
45
``` Which one of the anti epilepsy drugs is used to treat acute seizure especially in children: Carbamazepine Phenytoin Benzodiazepines Valproate ```
Benzodiazepines Good job sosy🥳🥳🥳🥳🥳
46
``` In status epilepticus the drug used mainly intravenously what are they? Valproate Carbamazepine Phenytoin Benzodiazepines ```
Benzodiazepines which are diazepam, lorazepam and clonazepam and diazepam used rectally,too
47
``` Fast sodium channel blocker describe which anti-epileptic drug? Carbamazepine Zonisamide Rufinamide Phenobarbital Valproate ```
Carbamazepine and zonisamide and rufinamide
48
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release An adverse effect of which anti epileptic drug: Valproate Phenytoin Phenobarbital Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine
49
``` Which of the anti epileptic drugs should be avoided with patients who have sulfa sensitive? Carbamazepine Vigabatrin Pregablin Zonisamide ```
Zonisamide
50
``` Which of the anti epileptic drugs is sulfanilamide compound? Lamotrigine Topiramate Perampanel Zonisamide ```
Zonisamide
51
``` Partly excreted unchanged in urine and partly excreted as glucronide metabolites: Lamotrigine Topiramate Perampanel Zonisamide ```
Zonisamide
52
``` licensed for use as an adjunct treatment of partial and generalised seizures but may be effective as a monotherapy: Zonisamide Vigabatrin GABAPENTIN Pregablin ```
Zonisamide
53
Which of the anti epileptic drugs have these adverse effects: appetite and cause weight loss, Depression, rash, psychomotor slowing, paresthesias, kidney stones (weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor). Vigabatrin Zonisamide Phenytoin Gabapentin
Zonisamide
54
``` low plasma protein binding and is not metabolized by CYP enzymes describe which antiepleptics: Rufinamide Zonisamide Phenytoin Vigabatrin ```
Rufinamide
55
``` licensed for treating Lennox–Gastaut syndrome what is it? Rufinamide Ropinirole Phenytoin Zonisamide ```
Rufinamide
56
``` should not be used in patients with familial short QT syndrome what is it? Rufinamide Zonisamide Vigabatrin GABAPENTIN ```
Rufinamide because it shortens the QT interval
57
refractory partial seizures?
Perampanel and topieamate
58
weight gain, and loss of motor coordination. There is a risk of serious psychiatric problems (violent, homicidal, thoughts and threatening behaviour?
Perampanel
59
metabolized by CYP 3A4 and 3A5?
Perampanel.
60
Noncompetitive antagonist of the AMPA glutamate receptor?
Perampanel

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